BIOS Exam 2 Study Guide

An open circulatory system means that blood is __________ within vessels.

not always contained; in an open circulatory system, blood flows freely within cavities, bathing the organs directly.

The circulatory system helps in the transport of __________, nutrients, and hormones to tissues.

oxygen; it ensures that oxygen absorbed from the lungs is delivered to cells throughout the body.

__________ carry blood away from the heart.

Arteries; they are muscular and elastic, allowing them to handle high pressure as blood is pumped from the heart.

The force of blood against the walls of arteries is known as __________.

blood pressure; it's a critical measure of cardiovascular health and is influenced by various factors including heart rate and blood volume.

Blood pressure is regulated by the __________ and hormones.

nervous system; it also involves mechanisms like dilation and constriction of blood vessels, as well as hormonal regulation.

The main types of heart disease include coronary artery disease, heart attack, __________, and heart failure.

stroke; each can have severe consequences for cardiovascular health and require immediate medical attention.

To keep my heart healthy, I should __________ regularly.

exercise; regular physical activity strengthens the heart muscle, improves blood circulation, and helps maintain a healthy weight.

The primary functions of the respiratory system include gas exchange and the regulation of __________.

blood pH; proper gas exchange helps maintain the acid-base equilibrium in the body.

The different parts of the respiratory system include the nose, pharynx, larynx, __________, bronchi, and lungs.

trachea; these structures work together to filter, warm, and moisten air before it reaches the lungs.

In the lungs, oxygen diffuses from the __________ into the blood.

alveoli; these tiny air sacs provide a large surface area for gas exchange.

__________ is the process of regulating the balance of water and electrolytes in the body.

Osmoregulation; it’s essential for maintaining homeostasis and involves organs like the kidneys.

The organs involved in excretion include kidneys, lungs, and __________.

skin; these organs work to remove waste products from the body, contributing to overall health.

The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and __________ water and nutrients.

reabsorb; this process ensures that essential substances are not lost and can be utilized by the body.

The digestive system is responsible for digestion, absorption, and __________.

elimination; it processes food to extract nutrients and expel waste effectively.

Enzymes in digestion help to __________ food into smaller molecules.

break down; they accelerate chemical reactions that convert food into absorbable forms.

One type of plant vascular tissue, __________, transports water and minerals up from the roots.

xylem; it consists of specialized cells that facilitate the movement of water absorbed by the roots.

Transpiration creates a tension that pulls water up from the __________.

roots; this process is vital for maintaining water and nutrient delivery in plants.

The different parts of a flower include sepals, petals, stamens, and __________.

carpels; these structures play key roles in plant reproduction.

Double fertilization means that one sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm fertilizes the __________ cell.

central; this unique process is crucial for the development of seeds in flowering plants.

Fruits develop from the __________ after fertilization.

ovary; the ovary matures into the fruit, which protects the developing seeds.

An example of an application of biotechnology in agriculture is __________ engineering.

genetic; it involves modifying organisms to enhance desired traits such as disease resistance or yield.

What is an open circulatory system?

An open circulatory system means that blood is not always contained within vessels; in this system, blood flows freely within cavities, bathing the organs directly.

What does the circulatory system transport?

The circulatory system helps in the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to tissues.

What carries blood away from the heart?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart; they are muscular and elastic, allowing them to handle high pressure as blood is pumped.

What is blood pressure?

The force of blood against the walls of arteries is known as blood pressure; it's a critical measure of cardiovascular health.

How is blood pressure regulated?

Blood pressure is regulated by the nervous system and hormones, involving mechanisms like dilation and constriction of blood vessels.

What are the main types of heart disease?

The main types of heart disease include coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke, and heart failure.

What should I do to keep my heart healthy?

To keep my heart healthy, I should exercise regularly, as it strengthens the heart muscle.

What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?

The primary functions of the respiratory system include gas exchange and the regulation of blood pH.

What are the different parts of the respiratory system?

The different parts of the respiratory system include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Where does oxygen diffuse into the blood?

In the lungs, oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.

What is osmoregulation?

Osmoregulation is the process of regulating the balance of water and electrolytes in the body.

What organs are involved in excretion?

The organs involved in excretion include kidneys, lungs, and skin.

What do the kidneys do?

The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and reabsorb water and nutrients.

What is the role of the digestive system?

The digestive system is responsible for digestion, absorption, and elimination.

What do enzymes do in digestion?

Enzymes in digestion help to break down food into smaller molecules.

What is xylem?

Xylem is one type of plant vascular tissue that transports water and minerals up from the roots.

What does transpiration do in plants?

Transpiration creates a tension that pulls water up from the roots.

What are the parts of a flower?

The different parts of a flower include sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.

What is double fertilization?

Double fertilization means that one sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm fertilizes the central cell.

How do fruits develop in flowering plants?

Fruits develop from the ovary after fertilization.

What is genetic engineering?

An example of an application of biotechnology in agriculture is genetic engineering, which involves modifying organisms to enhance desired traits.