Studied by 3 people
Patricia Benner
________ developed a concept known as From Novice to Expert in 1982
1942
Patricia Benner was born on August ____; Hampton Virginia, United States.
1964
BA in Nursing - Pasadena College/Point Loma College in ____
University of California
PhD - 1982 from ____________ at Berkeley
9
Benner published _ books and numerous articles
Book of the Year
Benner received _________ from AJN in 1984, 1990, 1996, 2000
Nursing
is described as a caring relationship, an “enabling condition of connection and concern.”
is viewed as a caring practice whose science is guided by the moral art and ethics of care and responsibility.
Dr. Benner understands that nursing practice as the care and study of the lived experience of health, illness, and disease and the relationships among the three elements.
Person
“The _______ is a self-interpreting being, that is the person does not come into the world predefined but gets defined in the course of living a life.”
The role of the situation
The role of the body
The role of personal concerns
The role of temporality
Major aspects of understanding that the person must deal as:
Health
focuses on the lived experience of being healthy and being ill.
_______ is defined as what can be assessed, whereas wellbeing is the human experience of health or wholeness.
Wellbeing and being ill are understood as distinct ways of being in the world.
Environment
Benner uses situation rather than environment because situation conveys a social environment with social definition and meaningfulness
“To be situated implies that one has a past, present, and future and that all of these aspects....influence the current situation.”
From Novice to Expert
This concept explains that nurses develop skills and an understanding of patient care over time from a combination of a strong educational foundation and personal experiences.
Dr Benner proposed that a nurse could gain knowledge and skills without actually learning a theory. She describes this as a nurse “knowing how” without “knowing that.” She further explains that the development of knowledge in fields such as nursing is made up of the extension of knowledge through research and understanding through clinical experience.
Novice
Advanced beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert
The theory identifies five levels of nursing experience: (these are levels of nursing experience)
Novice
Beginner with no experience
Taught general rules to help perform tasks
Rules are: context – free, independent of specific cases and applied universally
Rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible
Exs: “Tell me what I need to do and I’ll do it”
Advanced Beginner
Demonstrates acceptable performance
Has gained prior experience in actual situations to recognize recurring meaningful components
Principles, based on experiences begin to be formulated to guide actions
Competent
Typically, a nurse with 2-3 years experiences on the job in the same area or in similar day-to-day situations
More aware of long-term goals
Gains perspective from planning own actions based on conscious abstract and analytical thinking and helps to achieve greater efficiency and organization
Proficient
Perceives and understands situations as whole parts
More holistic understanding improves decision-making
Learns from experiences what to expect in certain situations and how to modify plans
Expert
No longer relies on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect situations and determine actions
Much more background of experience
Has intuitive grasp of clinical situations
Performance is now fluid, flexible and highly-proficient
Different levels of skills reflect changes in 3 aspects of skilled performance
Movement from relying on abstract principles to using past concrete experiences to guide actions
Change in learner's perception of situations as whole parts rather than in separate pieces
Passage from a detached observer to an involved performer, no longer outside the situation but now actively engaged in participation
Note 
Flashcard (22)