Image Production 2 Exam 3

What is PACS now called?

Medical Image Management and Processing Systems (MIMPS)

What is medical image storage device?

the physical hardware that electronically stores and retrieves medical images

what is medical image communication device

Provides for electronic transfer of medical images between devices

what is Medical image management and processing system?

covers most of the historic definition of a PACS except for the display and storage of medical images

What does DICOM stand for, and what is it?

Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine; universally accepyed standard for exchanging medical iamages across the network

What is LAN?

Local area network that is small and can have wireless access points; has a stronger security

what is WAN?

Wide area network that spans a large area; connects computers via telephone lines, satellite links, and other communication cables; much more security risk involved

what are the types of network switches?

hub, bridge, router

what is a hub?

passive device; allows all connected computers to transmit and receive data

What is is a bridge?

active device; examines and filters data

What is a router?

examines and filters data; limits scope of a data identifying the sender and the recipient

What are the tree common types of network architecture?

client or server-based, distributed systems, web-based cloud systems

What is a client or server-based system?

images sent directly to archive server after acquisition

what is an advantage of client or server-based systems

only one person can open the study with the intent to read; message is sent to others who attempt to open the same study

what is a disadvantage of client or server-based systems

the archive server is seen as a single point of failure; if the archive goes down, the entire system is down, and no image movement can take place

What is are distributed systems?

standalone; acquisition modalities send images to a designated reading station (ER/ICU/)(CT)

What are advantages of distributed systems?

is the archive server goes down, local reading at the workstations is not interrupted; system is less dependent on network for speed

What is a disadvantage of distributed systems?

each workstation has a different work list; only one person at a time can work on that list

What are cloud based systems?

similar to client and server systems; biggest differences are that images and application software are held centrally

What is the disadvantage of cloud (web) based systems?

the network is the biggest obstacle to performance

Storage is commonly a ___________

RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks)

what are the reasons MIMPS archives are chosen for?

system need, system cost, system compatibility

What is an Image Manager?

contains the master archived database; controls the receipt, retrieval, and data distribution of the images, ; interfaces with RIS and HIS

What are display workstations?

any computer used to view a digital image; most interactive part of a MIMPS

What is LDC?

Lumienece computer display

what is the resolution for 1280 x 1024?

1K

What is the resolution for 1600 x 1200?

2K

What is the resolution for 2048 x 1536?

3K

What is the resolution for 2048 x 2560?

5K

What are the works stations categorized by primary use?

primary reading station for radiologists, review stations for referring physicians, technologist quality control (QC) station for technologist review of images, image management station for the file room personnel

what is the radiologist reading station?

used by radiologist to make a primary diagnosis; have the highest quality hardware including the best monitor

What is one of the most important features to the Physician Review stations?

the ability to view current and previous reports with images

what is cine?

stack mode of scrolling through images; function is used most often in cross-sectional imaging

what are the two major types of digitizers?

laser technology and CCD technology

what is a laser digitizer?

considered the gold standard for digitization; can scan various resolutions up to 5K and 12 bit depth depending on the application needed

what are disadvatages of laser digitizers?

expense, service needs, maintenance, calibration, quality control tests

Common uses of digitizers

teleradiology, compare outside or old films, film duplication is possible, computer-aided diagnosis

what is informatics?

the study of the acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of healthcare information and resources for the purpose of optimizing patient care

imaging informatics is also know as:

radiology informatics and medical imaging informatics

What is the frame work of the DIWK Hierarchy?

Data (bottom), information, knowledge, Wisdom (highest)

what is data?

are the basic building blocks of information, representing raw observations, measurements, or facts about a patient, a disease, a treatment, or a healthcare process.

what is information?

data that has been given context and meaning

what is knowledge?

information that has been synthesized and understood, allowing for the ability to apply it

What is wisdom

the application of knowledge in a practical and meaningful way, often involving judgment and experience to solve problems and make decisions

What is level 1 of defined as in medicine?

nonelectric data (paper forms, handwritten notes, etc)

What is level 2 of defined as in medicine?

unstructured, viewable electronic data (scanned paper forms)

What is level 3 of defined as in medicine?

structured, viewable electronic data electronically entered other computers cannot compute

What is level 4 of defined as in medicine?

computable electronic data that can be computed by other computers; most important level that healthcare relies on

What does that Health Information Technology For Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act promote?

the adoption and meaningful use (MU) of health information technology

What does the breach notification rule require?

Covered Entities to report data breaches to affected individuals and HHS' Office for Civil Rights and requires Business Associates to report all data breaches to Covered Entitiy

what are the two data conversion models

Conceptual model and computational model?

what is a conceptual model?

Only relevant informatin is represented

what is a computational model?

relevant information is used to make comparisons

What is CMR?

Computerized medical record

what is ECIS?

electronic clinical information system

What is a CPR?

computerized patient record

which of the following network classifications are based on geographic location?

LAN, WAN, and MAN

True or false: on a server-based network, each computer is considered equal

false

In which type of a network does a centralized computer have control over the entire network?

server-based and client-based

which of the following types of computers found on a network can work independently of the network and process/manage its own files but still share printing and storage?

thick client

Which of the following network communication mediums has a single conductive wire surrounded by a grounded shield of braided wire

coaxial cable

which of the following is the most delicate network communication medium?

fiber optic cable

what provides the interface between the computer and the network medium?

network interface card

what is the simplest network hardware device that can be used to connect several computers?

network hub

what is an agreed-upon set of rules that data use to move through a network?

Network protocol

Which of the following is used to move medical images from the modality to the viewing storage.

DICOM

What does the acronym MIMPS stand for?

Medical Image Management and processing system

In which type of workstation can changes not be made to the patient demographics of an image set?

review workstations

Which PACS device stores the historic image data to be viewed along with current studies?

archive server

In which system architecture is the archive the central repository for all images?

client/server

True of false: in a web-based system, images are sent directly from the modality to a display work station for image interpretation

false

True or false: monitir type and configuration are of no concern when implementing a digital image viewing systek in a radiology department

false

true or false: on a server-based network, each computer is considered equal

false

In which type of network does a centralized computer have control over the entire network

server-based and client-based

Which of the following types of computers found in a network can work independently of the network and process/manage its own files but still share printing and storage?

thick client

Which of the following network communication mediums has a single conductive wire surrounded by a ground shield or braided wire?

coaxial cable

Which of the following is the most delicate network communication medium?

fiber optic cable

what is the simplest network hardware device that can be used to connect several computers

network hub

What is an agreed-upon set of rules that data uses to move through a network?

network protocol

Which of the following is used to move medical images from the modality to the viewing/storage device?

DICOM

In which type of workstation can charges not be made to the patient demographics of an image set ?

review workstation

What workstation function will allow the user the ability to arrange a certain number of images per monitor per modality?

hanging protocols

Which advanced image manipulation function will allow the radiologist to view several different anatomic planes from the original acquired sagittal images?

multi-planar reconstruction

which advance image manipulation function will allow the technologist to join multiple images together as one?

stitching

What part of the archive contains the master database of everything contained within the archive?

image manager

What part of the archive contains the physical storage of images within the archive?

image storage and archiver server

what term is used to describe a layer of archive storage?

tier

the term RAID stands for:

Redundant Array of Independent Disks

which RAID level is often seen in PACS archives?

5

which of the following are considered long-term storage devices?

MOD, DVD, DLT, RAID

Which RAID configuration is directly attached to a network?

NAS

Which RAID configuration is a special network of storage devices?

SAN

what device will scan an analog X-ray film into a PACS?

film digitizer

What do dry imagers use to process the latent image on the film?

heat

When did the field of informatics start?

1950s

wich of the following represents observations or symbols of differences in nature?

data

Which of the following is the use of knowledge (critical thinking) to make sound, intelligent decisions?

wisdom

which of the following describes information that can be justified as being correct or true?

knowledge

which of the following describes the transmission of consistent information?

interoperability

Which of the following removes some limitations of handwritten records, such as readability, efficiency, productivity, quality of care, and patient safety?

EHR