AP World History Unit 1 1.1

Major Powers during 1200

China (most powerful in East Asia but not exercising full power) and the Middle East (Islamic world).

Song Dynasty

A Chinese dynasty that ruled from 960 to 1279, characterized by a strong imperial bureaucracy and emphasis on organization.

Meritocracy

A system where officials are chosen based on their skills and merit through civil service exams rather than blood connections.

Economics in the Song Dynasty

Focus on proto-industrialization, local economies connected through infrastructure, and reliance on major rivers for transport.

Proto-industrialization

Small scale industrialization and manufacturing that supported local economies, significant during the Song Dynasty.

Champa Rice

A drought-resistant rice variety introduced during the Song Dynasty, which significantly improved agricultural productivity.

Grand Canal

A major waterway in ancient China that connected different regions, facilitating trade and transport.

Cultural Influence of Confucianism

A hierarchical belief system in the Song Dynasty emphasizing respect for authority, moral behavior, and filial piety.

Filial Piety

A core value in Confucianism that emphasizes respect and duty to one's parents and elder family members.

Buddhism in China

Grew during the Song Dynasty, particularly Mahayana Buddhism focused on spiritual growth through service.

Three Strands of Buddhism

Includes Theravada (self-discipline and meditation), Mahayana (spiritual service), and Tibetan Buddhism (chanting and Dalai Lama leadership).

Neo-Confucianism

A reviving and adaptation of Confucian thought that incorporates Buddhist elements to maintain its relevance.

Japanese Feudal System

A social structure marked by Emperor, Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, and Peasants, characterized by rigid social classes.

Influences of China on Japan and Korea

Both regions exhibited centralized politics influenced by Chinese governance, though with less social mobility.