AP World History Unit 1 1.1


1.1

Major powers during 1200:

China (not really using power) most - most powerful in east asia

Middle east (Islamic world)



Song dynasty (960 - 1279):

Ruled through imperial bureaucracy

Likes to be organized

Servants (people working for the emperors) are chosen by meritocracy (level of skill/merit) rather than connections like by blood

Officials are appointed by going through the civil service exams



Economics:

  • Theme: proto-industrialization (small scale industrialization and manufacturing for local economies) 

    • Includes steel and iron production, textiles

  • People lived on rivers (major rivers yangtze, yellow river) 

  • Others built their own rivers (canals)

    • Local economies were connected through developments in infrastructure (grand canal)

  • People moved things especially heavy things by water so it’s important to live by water

  • World is in stage 1 of DTM

    • Developments in agriculture (ex. Champa rice - drought resistant rice)

    • Culture




Culture:

  • Culture in song dynasty largely based on traditional chinese belief system of confusionism

    • Very hierarchical, respect for authority figures (especially adults, elders); need to have respect for hierarchy and authority

    • Moral and behavior

    • Respect to parents/elder family members - filial piety

    • Includes women (traditional confucianism also called for deference of women to men

  • Buddhism grew in china (Mahayana)

  • 3 strands of buddhism:

    • Theravada buddhism

      • Focus on self discipline and silent meditation (more common in south /southeast asia

    • Mahayana buddhism

      • Spiritual growth through service

    • Tibetan buddhism

      • Focused on chanting

      • Leader: Dalai Lama; exiled in Dharamsala India

      • Present in Northern India and other places 

      • Represented by unique colorful looking flags

    • Neo confusionism (syncretism between buddhism and traditional confucian thought; spirituality to guide rational behavior)

      • Many traditional confucian followers in China saw this as a way to maintain popularity of confucianism (saw buddhism getting popular and made it concussionism certified)




Japan and Korea:  



both had influences from China

  • Centralized politics (Though less social mobility)

    • Feudalism in Japan (exchange land for power)

      • Shoguns (friends of emperor), no change in social class (emperor is emperor, peasants born die peasants, etc)

      • Japanese Feudal structure (from highest to lowest); Emperor, Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, Peasants

      • Family is all same class

    • Art literature, writing, religion/beliefs (confucianism, buddhism, neo-confucionism)