AP World Unit 3 Review

What were the key methods of expansion for the Ottoman Empire?

The Ottoman Empire used gunpowder weapons, cannons, and strong military organization to conquer the Byzantine Empire and expand into Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

What was one major effect of the Ottoman Empire's expansion?

The Ottoman Empire controlled major trade routes, united diverse peoples under Islam, and created a long-lasting, centralized bureaucracy.

How did the Devshirme system help the Ottomans maintain control?

Christian boys were taken, converted to Islam, and trained as elite soldiers (Janissaries) or administrators loyal to the Sultan.

What is the divine right in Europe?

The belief that kings were chosen by God, justifying their absolute rule.

How did the Mughal Empire use tax collection systems to support state power?

The Mughal Empire used zamindars (local tax collectors) to ensure revenue for the empire.

What is the Taj Mahal, and how did it legitimize Shah Jahan’s power?

The Taj Mahal is a monumental architecture of the Mughal Empire that showcased the wealth and architectural brilliance of Shah Jahan.

What is the significance of the Suleymaniye Mosque in the Ottoman Empire?

The Suleymaniye Mosque demonstrated the empire’s Islamic piety and architectural grandeur under Suleiman the Magnificent.

How did the Palace of Versailles legitimize Louis XIV's power?

It displayed Louis XIV’s absolute power and divine rule through extravagant architecture.

What was the Temple complex of Tenochtitlan used for in the Aztec Empire?

It was a central site for human sacrifices and religious rituals affirming the divine support of Aztec rulers.

What was the Protestant Reformation?

A religious reform movement started by Martin Luther that challenged the Catholic Church’s authority and led to the rise of Protestant branches and religious wars across Europe.

What was the Catholic Reformation, and what were its effects?

The Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation that reformed corrupt practices and reaffirmed doctrines through the Council of Trent and Jesuit missionaries.

Define Sikhism.

A monotheistic religion founded in South Asia blending elements of Hinduism and Islam; it promotes equality and service.

What are Sunni and Shi’a?

Two major sects of Islam; Sunni believe the caliph should be elected, while Shi’a believe leadership should stay in Muhammad’s family.

How did political rivalries deepen the divide between Sunni and Shia Muslims?

The Safavid Empire (Shi’a) and the Ottoman Empire (Sunni) fought over both political territory and religious legitimacy.