Hinduism Key Concepts: Brahman, Atman, Dharma, Caste System, and Life Stages Save Groups

What is Brahman in Hinduism?

Hindus believe that all forms of reality—gods, goddesses, plants and animals, the material universe and humans—share a common essence.

What is Atman?

The ultimate reality within each individual person.

What is Dharma?

The complete rule of life that contains a specific list of rights and wrongs.

What is the sacred Hindu text that is a guide for dharma?

Laws of Manu

What four areas do Hindus look to for guidance about dharma?

Divine revelation in sacred texts, sacred tradition, examples of wise members of society, and conscience.

What is the connection between karma and dharma?

Dharma shifts focus away from intention to caring for others, while karma is based on dharma and is the moral law of cause and effect.

What are the four main castes in Hinduism?

Brahmin (priests), Kshatriya (warriors/administrators), Vaishya (farmers, merchants, artisans), Shudra (servants).

What group of people are outside of the caste system?

Dalits

What is the basis of the caste system?

A system that divides society into 4 distinct classes, affecting all aspects of life.

What are the twice born castes?

The first 3 classes, considered twice-born because they undergo a ritual second birth as children.

From which part of the god Brahman did each caste come?

Brahmins-head, Kshatriyas-shoulders, Vaishyas-thighs, Shudras-feet.

What is the relationship between karma, reincarnation, and the caste system?

Karma determines which caste you are placed in after being reincarnated.

What are the four stages of life in Hinduism?

Student stage (focus on membership), Householder stage (start a family and career), Forest Dweller stage (focus on spiritual matters), Wandering ascetic (live in self denial and discipline).