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Personality
Long-standing traits and patterns that influence consistent thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Galen’s Four Temperaments
Melancholic, Choleric, Phlegmatic, Sanguine.
Id
Innate, unconscious driving force; animalistic compulsion for pleasure.
Ego
Develops early; realizes self and mediates between Id and Superego.
Superego
Acts as a guardian, ensuring behavior aligns with social norms.
Denial
Defense mechanism where a person refuses to acknowledge reality or facts.
Displacement
Switching emotions from one target to another.
Projection
Attributing one's own unwanted thoughts or feelings to someone else.
Rationalization
Justifying behaviors by assigning reasonable explanations.
Sublimation
Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.
Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development
Five stages: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital.
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Eight stages: Trust vs. mistrust, Autonomy vs. shame/doubt, Initiative vs. guilt, Industry vs. inferiority, Identity vs. confusion, Intimacy vs. isolation, Generativity vs. stagnation, Integrity vs. despair.
Bandura’s Reciprocal Determinism
The concept that behavior, personal factors, and environment continuously influence each other.
Self-Efficacy
Confidence in one’s own abilities, affecting approach to challenges.
Locus of Control
The degree to which individuals believe they have control over the outcome of events.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
A motivational theory comprising a five-tier model of human needs.
Cattell’s 16 Key Traits
Key personality traits identified by Cattell: Warmth, Emotional Stability, etc.
Eysenck’s Three Key Dimensions
Extraversion vs. Introversion, Neuroticism vs. Stability, Psychoticism vs. Superego Control.
The Five Factor Model
Personality model comprising five traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.
Cultural-comparative approach
Analyzing personality within a cultural context.
Regional Personality Clusters
Examples of personality types found in different regions.
MMPI
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, a psychological assessment.
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Projective test consisting of ambiguous inkblots.
Thematic Apperception Test
Projective test assessing personality through storytelling.
