HIST 2112- EXAM TWO NOTES

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Legislation that banned Chinese immigration to the United States, except for specific government officials, and denied citizenship to Chinese immigrants and their descendants born in the US.

Push and Pull Factors

Factors influencing Chinese immigration, including economic opportunities (pull factors) and European imperialism in China (push factors).

Opium

Substance sold by the British to the Chinese leading to addiction and civil unrest, contributing to anti-Chinese sentiments.

Gold Rush (1849)

Period where many immigrants came to the US seeking wealth from gold mining, leading to economic competition and cultural differences.

Burlingame Treaty (1868)

Treaty encouraging Chinese immigration for labor purposes, despite rising anti-Chinese sentiments in the 1870s.

Page Act of 1875

First federal immigration law restricting Chinese women from entering the US, based on stereotypes of being prostitutes.

Yick Wo v

Supreme Court case ruling that a San Francisco laundry law discriminated against Chinese business owners, affirming their rights.

Immigration Act of 1924

Legislation reflecting anti-immigration sentiments by banning Asian immigrants, including Chinese, from entering the US.

Progressive Reform

Movement characterized by middle-class responses to industrial chaos, advocating for political, economic, and social reforms.

Settlement Houses

Community centers like Hull House founded by Jane Addams, providing assistance and education to immigrants during the Progressive Era.

Disease and Race

White people believed domestic help, mainly black women, brought diseases; segregation in schools and neighborhoods was prevalent.

Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps

Used to show racial segregation, with black people concentrated in specific areas like Linnentown due to poor living conditions.

The Flu Comes to Athens

In 1918, the flu hit Athens, leading to a quarantine of UGA students and closure of institutions, impacting the community.

Consumerism and Conservatism

The 1920s saw economic growth, technological advancements, and conflicts between modernists and traditionalists.

The Rise of Consumerism

Henry Ford's Model T, advertising, and the rise of consumer culture shaped the 1920s, emphasizing materialism and conformity.

Progressivism Reborn

The New Deal:Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal aimed to address the Great Depression through relief, reform, and recovery programs.

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Created jobs by building dams and infrastructure, symbolizing success and pride during the Great Depression.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Replaced FERA, employed artists and historians, and built infrastructure like roads and airports during the New Deal era.

Social Security Act

Enacted to prevent poverty in old age, the act aimed to provide financial security for retirees and the disabled.

Mobilizing for War

During WWII, government spending increased, leading to economic growth, increased union membership, and booming industries like manufacturing and farming.

Unionization Peak

A period during World War II when union membership in the United States significantly increased due to high demand for labor in defense-related industries.

Rosie the Riveter

Symbol of American women who worked in factories and other roles during World War II, breaking traditional gender roles.

Braceros

Mexican workers brought to the United States during World War II to address labor shortages in agriculture and railway industries.

Zoot Suit Riots

Violent clashes between white servicemen and Mexican American youths in Los Angeles in 1943, fueled by racial tensions and cultural differences.

Military-Industrial Complex

Term referring to the close relationship between the military and defense industry, which became prominent during World War II.

Dollar-a-Year Men

Business executives who worked for the government during World War II for a salary of $1 to aid in mobilizing the private sector for war production.

Rationing

Government-controlled distribution of goods and resources during wartime to ensure fair allocation and support the war effort.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Program in the United States during the Great Depression and World War II that provided jobs for young men in conservation and natural resource management.

Japanese-American Internment

Forced relocation and incarceration of Japanese Americans in internment camps by the US government during World War II, following the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Assimilation

The process by which individuals or groups adopt the culture and social norms of a dominant or host society, often accelerated during times of war or crisis.