Asia and Africa 2

Prince Shotoku

________ creates Japan as a tributary state* adopt Confucianism, writing, and military /called son of heaven, heavenly emperor.

Imperial Palace

Called a(n) ________- built to house and protect the Emperor his family and the court.

Korea

Japanese language is distantly related to ________.

Kabuki Theater

Centralized feudalism ________- During the Tokugawa shogunate.

Emperor

________ is face of feudalism but the shogun has the actual power.

self-governing areas that pay tribute to China -send diplomats to bring gifts to Emperors kowtow -wanting knowledge and trade agreements with China -cultural diffusion; learning abt Chinese gov, art, law and confusionism Kowtow

a Chinese custom of the delegate bowing down to emperor -sit, kneel, or lie on the flooring handing him gifts -no one's head is supposed to be higher than the emperor's Empress Wu -only true female empress of China

started off as a concubine to the emperor gained favor from the emperor because she gave him multiple sons -declared herself "son of heaven" -promoted Buddhism (only ruler to support it openly) -people feared her but was respected -executes rivals -filled gov w/ Confucius scholars/ made everyone pass civil service exams -set up schools Jinshi

title given to those who pass all levels of the civil service, philosophy, and legal system exams

secure a future for their family/ status -closet advisors to emperor Land reform (Tang Dynasty)

breaking up agricultural states, redistributing the land to peasants

merchants (bottom of social status) -women status was based on foot-binding Gentry

wealthy land owning class

move up in society from civil service exams (not likely) Merchants (tang and song)

at the bottom bc they did not make anything

could be wealthy Foot-binding

came about from a dancer

some peasants avoided foot binding bc their families needed them to work Mongol Empire

nomads who created the largest land empire *move across Asia conquering everything china to Russia, not India) *Russia was more of tributary state

empire went from pacific ocean to eastern europe khan mongol word for cheif Pax Mongolica Peace of the Mongols Genghis Khan

Original name Temujin

name means universal ruler Description of Mongol Period

once conquered very peaceful

@ its peak had 100 million peole Yuan Dynasty

china dynasty in Mongol rule

after death of Kublai Khan dynasty goes into a decline Kublai Khan Grandson of Genghis Khan Mongol and Chinese Culture

Mongol wanted to keep their own culture but take SOME Chinese ideas

Mongols had very strong powerful women Marco Polo

Italian Merchant who spent 17 years in China

made people want to visit China Ming Dynasty

2nd to last dynasty in the History of China

built Forbidden City Zhu Yuanzhang

founded Ming Dynasty

leads a peasant army that forced Mongols back beyond the Great Wall Ming brilliant Forbbiden City

current day Beijing

had big gold bowls all round palace filled w/ water just in case of a fire Zheng He

Chinese Muslim

very different for China bc they did not associate w/ others treasure ships

huge ships apart of Zheng He voyages

the smaller boats contained goods and patrol boats incase of attack End of Voyages

Ming emperor burned all of the ships and closed all of the ports

wanted the money to go to agriculture instead of voyages Korea

Tributary State adopt a lot of ideas from China but adapt them to Korean culture

at first adopted Chinese writing but too difficult so they created Hangul Hangul Korean alphabet 3 korean Dynasties Silla, Koryo, (Mongol control), Choson Japan

archipelago

influence from China comes from Korea Archipelago A chain of islands Shinto meaning the way of the Kami Shinto

a religion from Japan

lots of Shinto shrines *mountains, waterfalls, oddly shape rocks) Influences on Japan

Nature

Selective Borrowing Korea's influence on Japan

lots of cultural diffusion due to constant contact

Buddhism from missionaries Selective Borrowing

a process of which japan adopted some Chinese ways but discarded some and modified others

tried Chinese writing but created own called Kana -adot tea ceremony, food, music and dance Heian Period

Yomato Emperor was powerful but real power was in the Fuijwara family

flourishing culture and imperial court Fuijwara family held the real power in Heian period Court Life in Heian Period

consisted of Emperors ad courtiers -lived in separate areas

surrounded in a world of gossip, status, and secret love affairs gossiping can bring status up and bring that person's status down Tale of Genji

1st novel ever written

Feudalism

formed from japan's central gov losing control

have lots of land and in return are loyal and give service to military Samurai (meaning) those who serve Samurai

vassals to daimyos

for their service, they would either receive land or something equivalent to it Code of Bushido

must have honor, courage, loyalty, obedience

take katana plunge in belly and move it around to cut up insides -doing this act shows your courage and restores honor to your family Commoners

no power

order

artisans, peasants, merchants

not allowed to do anything that would give of the vibe of them being the nobility class * if so execution* Peasants

made up 75% of society

cultivated rice and crops Artisans

sword makers

good for samurai class merchants (feudalism)

lowest because they didn't create anything

could be wealthy just not good status Women in Feudalism

were allowed to be Samurai's @ 1st

women become seen as useless and are only there to serve warrior fathers and husbands Katana

samurai sword

weakened bc their attention was defeating the mongols and not uniting the shogunate Kamikaze divine winds Ashikaga Shogunate

Weak shogunate bc the Daimyo's had more power

weakened Samurai ( no need for them when the have guns) Tokugawa Shogunate

most powerful

centralized feudalism Kabuki Theater

During the Tokugawa shogunate

females roles played by men Southeast Asia

smaller civilizations that traded and farmed

received lots of different religions through trade Khmer Empire

cambodia, thailand, malaysia

lot of India influence Angkor Wat

a muslim temple

consisted of temples and buildings -had hindu myths written on building and then bring in Buddhist statues Srivijaya Empire

trading empire in Indonesia

hindu, buddhist then islamic Vietnam

tributary state to China

Han falls

-lots of chaos, disorder, invasion from the north
-they will pull it together

Sui Dynasty

-1st dynasty that reunited china
-didn't last long
- re-established Confucian government, social and political order
-bring ideas from han dynasty
-completes grand canal

grand canal

-parallel rivers
-created to benefit china
-world's longest/oldest canal
-links northern and southern china
-easy to transport goods
-major technological project
-contains dams to equalize the water levels

Tang Dynasty

-period of prosperity/restores china's glory
-tributary states
-Empress Wu
-expansion of civil service exams and Confucian bureaucracy
-Land reform

Tributary States

-Vietnam, Tibet, Korea, and Japan
- self-governing areas that pay tribute to China
-send diplomats to bring gifts to Emperors
*kowtow*
-wanting knowledge and trade agreements with China
-cultural diffusion; learning abt Chinese gov, art, law and confusionism

Kowtow

- a Chinese custom of the delegate bowing down to emperor
-sit, kneel, or lie on the flooring handing him gifts
-no one's head is supposed to be higher than the emperor's

Empress Wu

-only true female empress of China
- started off as a concubine to the emperor
*gained favor from the emperor because she gave him multiple sons*
-declared herself "son of heaven"
-promoted Buddhism (only ruler to support it openly)
-people feared her but was respected
-executes rivals
-filled gov w/ Confucius scholars/ made everyone pass civil service exams
-set up schools

Jinshi

- title given to those who pass all levels of the civil service, philosophy, and legal system exams
- treated with RESPECT
- secure a future for their family/ status
-closet advisors to emperor

Land reform (Tang Dynasty)

- breaking up agricultural states, redistributing the land to peasants
- make peasants happy and make them tax payers
- allows emperor to keep mandate longer
- weakens the power of large land owners

Sign of loosing mandate

-Corruption, high taxes, gods sending famine (causing rebellion)

Song Dynasty

longer dynasty than the tang but ruled over less territory
- had military difficulties with nomads
-flourished culturally and economically with lots of inventions
-improved agriculturally led to population growth
*grand canal*
-grew Champa rice (cultural diffusion from Vietnam)
- comrcial expansion grew (silk road) and urban growth

Inventions of the tang and song

-gunpowder
-porcelain
-wood blocking and moveable type
-paper money (easier for trade)
- magnetic compass
- mechanical clock
*some inventions don't really spread out to other areas*

society in the Tang/Song Dynasties

-based on confucianism
- emperor and his court were the hierarchy
- gentry class (wealthy)
- peasants ( working class)
- merchants (bottom of social status)
-women status was based on foot-binding

Gentry

- wealthy land owning class
- under the aristocracy
- most people in this class were scholars, artist, poets
- spent most of time studying, panting
- valued Confucian ideas of duty and position in society

Peasants (tang and song)

-work on land
- move up in society from civil service exams (not likely)

Merchants (tang and song)

- at the bottom bc they did not make anything
- does not align with the confucius idea of working
- could be wealthy

Foot-binding

- came about from a dancer
- a way to stop women from moving (sex)
- bound feet around the age of 5 or 6
- wanted feet like lotus petals (more marriageable)
- mothers did this to their daughters so they will be seen as pretty in societies eyes
- all social class took art in foot binding
- some peasants avoided foot binding bc their families needed them to work

Mongol Empire

- nomads who created the largest land empire
*move across Asia conquering everything china to Russia, not India)
*Russia was more of tributary state
- they destroyed civilization/everything when they would conquer
- extremely brutal and savage
- became tolerant rulers once they conquered
- separated into tribes becoming khans
- united over Genghis Khan
- very disciplined military (fierce warriors, excellent horsemen)
- divide into 4 khanates after the death of Genghis Khan to his 4 heirs ( 3 sons and 1 grandson)
- mongols ruled peacefully (Pax Mongolica)
- empire went from pacific ocean to eastern europe

khan

mongol word for cheif

Pax Mongolica

Peace of the Mongols

Genghis Khan

- Original name Temujin
- united the Mongol Empire
- name means universal ruler

Description of Mongol Period

- once conquered very peaceful
- allowed everyone to practice own religion
- very tolerant of all kinds of people
- have to abide by rules
- open to learning new things from other cultures/ the conquered people
- encouraged trade networks (allowed cultural diffusion)
- @ its peak had 100 million peole

Yuan Dynasty

- china dynasty in Mongol rule
- ruled by Kublai Khan
- overthrew last song ruler
*1st time in Chinese History ruled by barbarians*
-Mongol and Chinese culture were kept separate
-opened up China to more trade
* Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo
- biggest impact is China starts trading and experiencing the outside world
- after death of Kublai Khan dynasty goes into a decline

Kublai Khan

Grandson of Genghis Khan

Mongol and Chinese Culture

- Mongol wanted to keep their own culture but take SOME Chinese ideas
- NO friendship or marriage between the two
- Chinese Confucius scholars could be advisors to Kublai Khan but have no power
- Mongols taxed Chinese and weren't allowed serve in Military
- footbinding forbidden for Mongol women
- Mongols had very strong powerful women

Marco Polo

- Italian Merchant who spent 17 years in China
- Wrote a book, The Travels of Marco Polo, describing how wealthy and advanced the court is
- made people want to visit China

Ming Dynasty

- 2nd to last dynasty in the History of China
- Zhu Yuanzhang founder of Dynasty
- bring back traditional Chinese values of Confucianism and civil service exams
- culture and economy begin to flourish (agricultural and manufacturing)
- built more portions to the great wall trying to keep out invasions
- built Forbidden City

Zhu Yuanzhang

- founded Ming Dynasty
- leads a peasant army that forced Mongols back beyond the Great Wall

Ming

brilliant

Forbbiden City

- current day Beijing
- called an Imperial Palace
-built to house and protect the Emperor his family and the court
- home to 24 Chinese Emperors
- 9,999 rooms
-very well guarded
*watchtowers with guards having bows*
- called forbidden because no one was allowed to enter
- had big gold bowls all round palace filled w/ water just in case of a fire

Zheng He

- Chinese Muslim
- made 7 total voyages and died on the 7th one
- goal was to promote trade and collect tribute
- lead sea voyages with 300 ships
- had small ships and treasure ships
- traded silk, porcelain, spices, ivory, pearls, brought back exotic animals like giraffe and ostrich
- very different for China bc they did not associate w/ others

treasure ships

- huge ships apart of Zheng He voyages
- had abt 28,000 sailors and soliders
- took on treasure
- the smaller boats contained goods and patrol boats incase of attack

End of Voyages

- Ming emperor burned all of the ships and closed all of the ports
- wanted the money to go to agriculture instead of voyages

Korea

- Tributary State
*adopt a lot of ideas from China but adapt them to Korean culture*
- adopt Mahayana Buddhism (worships Buddha as a god)
- adopt confucianism (filial piety, 5 key relationships, civil service exams)
- bridge between China and Japan
- 3 dyansties
- at first adopted Chinese writing but too difficult so they created Hangul

Hangul

Korean alphabet

3 korean Dynasties

Silla, Koryo, (Mongol control), Choson

Japan

- archipelago
- 4 main islands
- have lots of respect for nature and the sea
- isolated from other cultures and protected from invasion (no mongols)
- very pure culture
- tsunamis
- influence from China comes from Korea

Archipelago

A chain of islands

Shinto meaning

the way of the Kami

Shinto

- a religion from Japan
- the Kami were natural powers within nature
- must honor them to keep them from harming you
- not an international religion
- lots of Shinto shrines
*mountains, waterfalls, oddly shape rocks)

Influences on Japan

- Nature
- Korea
- Selective Borrowing

Korea's influence on Japan

- lots of cultural diffusion due to constant contact
- Japanese language is distantly related to Korea
- Buddhism from missionaries

Selective Borrowing

- a process of which japan adopted some Chinese ways but discarded some and modified others
- Prince Shotoku creates Japan as a tributary state
*adopt Confucianism, writing, and military/ called son of heaven, heavenly emperor
- tried to bring civil service but didn't work
- tried Chinese writing but created own called Kana
-adot tea ceremony, food, music and dance

Heian Period

- Yomato Emperor was powerful but real power was in the Fuijwara family
- made sure Japan had its own identity
- flourishing culture and imperial court

Fuijwara family

held the real power in Heian period

Court Life in Heian Period

- consisted of Emperors ad courtiers
-lived in separate areas
- minimal contact w/ peasants and agricultural workers
- very sophisticated and rigid
- had lots of luxuries
- lived in strict codes (polite behavior, formality w/ one another, under constant scrutiny)
- surrounded in a world of gossip, status, and secret love affairs
*gossiping can bring status up and bring that person's status down*

Tale of Genji

- 1st novel ever written
- written by Lady Murasaki
- about the Emperor's son Genji and all his love affairs
- gives an insight to the shallow lives the court is living, rise and fall of social life, false feelings
- women during this time undertook art (poetry, music, etc.)

Feudalism

- formed from japan's central gov losing control
- called a shogunate
- Nobility Class ( emperor, shogun, daimyo, samurai)
- Emperor is face of feudalism but the shogun has the actual power
- Commoners ( peasants, artisans and merchants)

shogunate

The rule of the shoguns

Nobility Class

- Order: Emperor, shogun, daimyo, samurai
- ruling class
- has all o the power, military, socially
- owned most of land
- Code of Bushido
- Adopted Zen Buddhism (meditative version)
*idea of discipline/ focus mind