DEFORMATION TEST #2

Compositional layers of the Earth

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Structural layers of the Earth

lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core

Lithosphere

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle

Asthenosphere

the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move

Two main elements that make up the crust

oxygen and silicon

Main elements that make up the mantle

oxygen, silicon, and magnesium

Main elements that make up inner and outer cores

iron and nickel

Main Igneous Rock that makes up the bedrock of the Oceanic Crust

basalt

Main Igneous Rock that makes up the bedrock of the Continental Crust

granite

Which layer of the Earth represents 80% of the volume?

mantle

Which layer of the Earth is responsible for the magnetosphere?

inner core

Seismic P waves

compression waves that move through earthquakes

Seismic S waves

transverse waves that move through solids, not liquids

Seismic L waves

sLowest waves that travel on Earths surface

stress

breaking, bending, tilting, and folding rock

tension

stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle

shearing

stress that pushes rock in opposite directions

compression

stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

fracture

crack in the rock layers

fault

a break in the earth's crust

folding

bending in rock layers

anticline

upward fold in the rock layers

three types of stress

tension, compression, shearing

normal fault -

- tension

reverse fault -

- compression

strike-slip fault -

- shearing

Most common/largest type of mountains

fold mountains

Type of mountain that occurs when a fault block is raised or tilted

fault-block mountains

Ritcher scale

quantitative measure of earths magnitude

Focus

point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake

Epicenter

point on the surface directly above an earthquake's focus

Seismograph

device that records ground movements

Magnitude

how strong the quake is at the focus

Intensity

how the quake is felt by people around

Pit crater

pit at the top of the volcanic

Volcanic dust

pyroclastics that are very fine

Shield volcano

low, flat, gently sloping volcano built from many flows of fluid, low-viscosity basaltic lava

Composite volcano

tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials

Cindercone volcano

steep, cone-shaped volcano made of loose rock and cinder formed by explosive eruptions

Pilot's Knob

most obvious remains of largest volcano in Central TX