Chem Mid-Term

List four examples of physical changes

List four examples of physical changes

Tearing Crushing boiling Melting

List four examples of chemical changes.

Chemical reaction, burning, rusting and rotting

Water is a?

Compound

Saltwater is a?

Homogenous Mixture

Pepperoni Pizza is a?

Hetrogenous Mixture

Copper is a?

Element

Distillation

a liquid is boiled to produce vapor that is then condensed again into a liquid

Filtration

Process to separate solids from fluids by using a medium through which the fluid can pass, but the solids are retained

Chromatography

Ese of paper, gel or clay to separate a mixture.

3.56 X 10-3

0.003.56

678, 000

6.78 X 10^5

Density is?

Mass/Volume

What do elements in the same group have in common?

They all have the same amount of valence electrons.

Name the groups of the periodic table.

Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition metals, Halogens and noble gases

What is the trend for first ionization energy across a row? Why does this trend occur? Which element has the highest ionization energy?

It increases going to right and decreases going down. it is the energy needed to remove electrons. Helium has the highest

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

Fluorine

Define cation

Positive end

Define anion.

Negative end

What does it mean when an ion is positive?

It has more protons than electrons

What does it mean when an ion is negative?

It has more electrons than protons

Name three characteristics of ionic bonds.

Crystalline solids, High melting points, dissolve in water METALS

Name three characteristics of covalent bonds.

Soft solids, liquids or gases, low melting points, cant conduct electricity in solutions or when melted.

Phosphorus pentachloride

PCl^5

What does a Roman numeral mean when written in a name?

It represents the charge.

Which gases are diatomic?

hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I)

What are the three main types of nuclear decay? Which one is non-particle?

Beta Decay

Alpha Decay

Gamma Decay- Non-particle

Differentiate between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

A saturated hydrocarbon has all single bonds

Define isomer.

Same formula different structure

Distinguish between aldehydes and ketones.

Aldehydes at least one hydrogen is attached to the carbonyl carbon. In ketones, there are two carbons bonded to the carbonyl carbon.

Name and define the four biomolecules.

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.