Lecture2 HumanBio

What defines cell theory?

All organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic units of life, and cells come from pre-existing cells.

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

What are the four basic types of tissues in the human body?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

What is an organ system composed of?

Different organs that work together to perform complex functions, like the digestive system.

What percentage of total mass do muscle cells constitute in the human body?

Muscle cells make up approximately 44% of total body mass.

How many types of proteins are typically expressed in a human cell's proteome?

60-80,000 proteins.

What role does the nucleus play in a cell?

The nucleus is the control center, overseeing RNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis.

What is the function of the Golgi complex?

To process and sort proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum for trafficking to the correct destination.

How does the mitochondria contribute to a cell's energy supply?

Mitochondria produce ATP and have their own DNA, replicating by fission.

What for how many cells are typically present in the human body?

Approximately 37 trillion cells.

What are the key functions of the major components of a cell?

Each component such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton have specific roles in cell function and structure.

What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?

Lysosomes are involved in waste disposal and digestion of cellular debris.

What are microvilli and where are they found?

Microvilli are tiny projections on epithelial cells in the small intestine and kidneys that increase surface area for absorption.

What physiological aspect does fluid content regulation affect?

Fluid content regulation affects blood glucose levels, renal function, and electrolyte balance.

How long did it take to complete the first human genome sequencing, and what was the cost?

It took 13 years and cost $5 billion.