how to answer these types of questions

1 Read the Question Carefully

• Identify key terms (e.g., CRISPR, TEM, validation assay).

• Note if the question asks for description, interpretation, or explanation.

• Determine the scope—are you summarizing, comparing, or analyzing?

2 2. Locate Relevant Sections in the Paper

• Use the abstract, results, figures, and methods as primary sources.

• For methodology: check Materials and Methods and figure legends.

• For data interpretation: refer to results text and figure captions.

3 Structure Your Answer Clearly

• Start with a direct answer to the question.

• Support with evidence from the paper (quote data, cite figures).

• Explain the significance if asked (e.g., “This shows that…”).

  • Use simple, precise language—avoid unnecessary jargon.

4 Use the Paper’s Terminology

• Refer to specific strains, genes, assays, and figures as written.

• Example: Say “*mks-3(+); nphp-4(4)* positive control,” not just “wild type.”

5 For “Describe and Interpret” Questions

• Describe what was done or shown (e.g., “Figure 2D shows…”).

  • Interpret what it means (e.g., “This indicates that VUS1 is pathogenic because…”).

6 For “Why” or “Significance” Questions

• Connect to the broader goals of the study.

• Mention clinical or scientific implications (e.g., “This helps reclassify VUS for diagnosis…”).

7 Be Concise but Complete

• Answer the question fully, but don’t add irrelevant details.

  • If the question has multiple parts, address each one in order.

8 Review and Verify

• Double-check that your answer matches the paper’s findings.

  • Ensure you haven’t misstated methods or results.