AP Psych Unit 8

Insanity Defense

Insanity Defense

Individual claims they are not responsible for certain actions because of their mental state

Rosenhan’s Study

Pretended to have psychological disorders and admitted into institutions and eventually were not released even after not showing symptoms, shows to look at individual for who they are and not assume that they have a label

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Make individual more sensitive to certain sensations, extremely interested in certain items or information

ADHD

Struggle with focus, likely to be impulsive, struggle staying organized, act first and think later

Schizophrenia

Disorder defined by hallucinations, delusions, and other impairments of a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Positive Symptoms

Add behavior or characteristics

Negative Symptoms

Reduce certain behaviors or characteristics

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Excessive worry that is very difficult to control include agitation, exhaustion, and inability to focus

Panic Disorder

Characterized by anxiety that intensifies into panic attack, avoid social settings with fear of having panic attack

Agoraphobia

Irrational fear of unfamiliar places or public institutions

Social Anxiety Disorder

Individuals feel like they are being judged by others, causing them to avoid social situations entirely

Specific Phobia

Irrational fear and intense avoidance

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Persistent intrusive thoughts about an imagined defect in physical appearance

Hoarding

Person collects useless items and is unable to get rid of them

Trichotillomania

Constantly pulls hair from particular part of body, increased anxiety and tension but get relief when hair is pulled

Major Depressive Disorder

Characterized by persistent sadness and other symptoms of depressive episode, symptoms last several weeks or months

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Symptoms may persist longer if they have been depressed more often than not for at least two years

Mania

State of excitement and overactivity

PTSD

Symptoms last for over a month to year with people reliving traumatic even through flashbacks or dreams, exhibits mood changes, loss of interests, heightened responses

Acute Stress Disorder

Intense stress that an individual experiences for a short amount of time, less than a month

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Condition which person will experience symptoms such as pain, dizziness or vomiting with no medical condition

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Experience anxiety about health

Conversion Disorder

Symptoms that they cannot control, seems physical but is psychological

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Caused by severe trauma that causes person to split or dissociate

Dissociative Amnesia

Forgets vital information due to being traumatic or stressful

Depersonalization Disorder

Persona repeatedly has feeling that they are observing themselves from outside

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Extreme sensitivity to criticism, desire for social approval, social withdrawal, low-self esteem

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Oddities of thought, behavior and speech struggling with close relationships

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Pattern of having exaggerated sense of worth or talent, individuals have constant need for attention

Borderline Personality Disorder

Instability of relationship, self-image, mood that negatively affects person

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Lack a conscience, impulsive and aggressive, disregard for other’s safety and have little to no empathy or remorse for what they do

Psychotherapy

Use of psychological techniques to help a client mentally grow as a person and work through challenges they face

Aaron Beck

Type of psychotherapy called cognitive therapy to change person’s thinking

Albert Ellis

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy, type of cognitive therapy works on changing a person’s internal thought processes

Sigmund Freud

Free association to unearth an individual’s unconscious mind

Mary Cover Jones

Used counterconditioning, mostly dismissed into now refined today as exposure therapy

Carl Rogers

Client-centered therapy, non-directive

B.F. Skinner

Conditioning to shape behavior

Joseph Wolpe

Took Mary’s research and refined to exposure therapy, exposing person to stimulus and controlling it

Systematic Desensitization

Deep muscle relation and imagines situation with phobia, with systematic states of relaxation following

Aversive Conditioning

Avoid harmful stimulus by pairing it with an unpleasant response

Resilience

Ability of an individual to be able to adapt to difficult and stressful life experiences

Anxiolytics

Depress individual’s sympathetic nervous system

Antidepressant

Alters serotonin and norepinephrine

Antipsychotic

Targets dopamine and serotonin

Mood Stabilizers

Stabilize manic and depressive disorders in individuals with bipolar disorder

Stimulants

Helps improve focus and attention