Copy of 10.2 The Endocrine Glands.docx

Hormone Secretion

Hormones are released in short bursts with regulation by signals from the nervous system, chemical changes in the body, and other hormones.

Hypothalamus

Small brain region controlling the pituitary gland and serving as a major link between the nervous and endocrine systems.

Pituitary Gland

Regulates growth, development, metabolism, and homeostasis, with the hypothalamus secreting 9 hormones and the pituitary gland secreting 7 hormones.

Growth Hormone (GH)

Essential for growth, increasing cell size and number; imbalance can lead to dwarfism or gigantism.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Regulates metabolic rates and body temperature.

Gonadotropins (FSH & LH)

Stimulate gamete formation and sex hormone production in the gonads.

Prolactin

Prepares breasts for milk production near the end of pregnancy.

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Stores and releases hormones produced in the hypothalamus, including oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Endorphins

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary with roles in pain relief and pleasure.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol in response to stress.