Transport in Plants

Root Hair Cell

Specialized cells that increase surface area for water absorption in the roots.

Epidermis

Protective outer layer of stems and roots.

Endodermis

Inner layer of cells that regulate the flow of water and minerals into the vascular tissue.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports organic compounds, such as glucose and amino acids, from leaves to roots.

Xylem

Vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved mineral ions from roots to stems and leaves.

Pericycle

Tissue that forms the outer layer of the vascular bundle in roots and is the site of lateral root growth.

Cortex Parenchyma

Tissue in the cortex that can serve as storage space.

Sclerenchyma

Lignified cells that provide strength and support to plant tissues.

Cambium

Meristematic tissue that can divide to produce more xylem and phloem.

Xylem Vessels

Forms a long, hollow tube that transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Tracheids

Less specialized water-conducting tissues compared to xylem vessels, found in gymnosperms.

Lignin

Substance that impregnates xylem walls to provide support and minimize water loss.

Apoplast Pathway

Pathway where water moves through cell walls without crossing any membranes.

Symplast Pathway

Pathway where water moves through the cytoplasm of cells connected by plasmodesmata.

Vacuolar Pathway

Pathway where water moves through the cytoplasm and vacuoles.

Casparian Strip

Band of suberin in the endodermis that blocks the apoplast pathway.

Root Pressure

Positive pressure created in the stele that helps push water upward in the xylem.