[D.3] ROMANESQUE PERIOD

Romanesque Period

Means "in the roman manner" a style art emerging in Italy in the 9th century and lasting until the advent of gothic architecture in the 12th century. Names as so because it looked closer to Rome than gothic

1000-1150

When was the Romanesque period?

True

True or false: during the Romanesque period, there was no more Roman empire and Byzantine was conquered by the Muslims

Charlemagne

The ruler that was instrumental to the crusades

Age of Faith

The church re-established itself as a strong unifying and stabilizing force

Great Schism

The definite spilt of the 2 churches; western and eastern

True

True or false: the Church during the Romanesque period was at its most influential and powerful

Monasticism

Monasteries became the center of education

Feudalism

A system of political organization in which a vassal served a lord and received protection and land in return. Birth of land lords. Charlemagne's kingdom was parceled out among his grandsons after his death

Knighthood

Young sons of noble families who attached themselves for military purposes

Crusades

A series of religious expeditionary wars blessed by the pope and the catholic church, with the stated goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem

Manorialism

Economic system based upon limited land ownership and forced later known as SERFS

Reliquaries

CONTAINERS of RELICS

Relics

Body parts or possessions of saints

Stylized

The aesthetic used during the Romanesque period because Christianity was at its peak

Bayeux Tapestry

A unique embroidered narrative executed by a group of women. It resonates the events leading to the battle of hastings. The longest tapestry in the world (230 ft. long)

False

True or false: The exteriors remained undecorated like the Byzantine period despite the church wanting to educate the illiterate

Stavelot Triptych

Earliest known reliquary with scenes from the popular medieval legend of the true cross. Contained relics believed to be the true cross

Sculpture

Served as literature for the illiterate

Figurative Sculptures

Served as literature for the illiterate, revived as architectural reliefs became hallmark of the late Romanesque period. more concern put in religious emotions and concern for psychological reality rather than proportion

Trumeau

Location of sculpture in the CENTRAL SUPPORT of medieval doorways

Tympanum

Location of sculpture in the LUNETTE ABOVE THE DOOR was ornamented with complex iconography

Ribs

Curved arches. Added to barrel and groin vaults

Transverse Rib

Rib vaulting is also known as

Wheel Window

The precursor to the rose window

Stone Masonry Vaulting

Vaulting used widely in their architecture

Ambulatory

WALKWAY with its ring of chapels surrounding the sanctuary

Masonry Buttress

Exterior support, applied to COUNTER THE LATERAL THRUSTS OF THE VAULT

Westwork

Replaced narthex. Western facade decorated with flanking towers, arched doors, multiple stores, ornaments

East

The altar should always be located at the [answer] because Christ rose here. Hence the westwork is located at the west

Continual Arcading

Type of arcading applied in the famous leaning tower of Pisa

Blind Arcading

Distinct form of decoration aimed at relieving otherwise blank walls. Use of arches against walls. they aren't open or passable

Segmented Arch

An arch struck from ONE OR MORE CENTERS below the springing line

Stilted Arch

An arch RESTING ON AN IMPOSTS treated as DOWNWARD CONTINUATIONS of an ARCHI VOLT

Horseshoe Arch

Also called the Moorish arch and the Keyhole arch, is the emblematic arch of Moorish architecture. can take rounded, pointed or lobed form

Atrium

Part of a church plan; A FORECOURT surrounded or flanked by porticoes

Narthex

Part of a church plan; portico before the nave for the penitents

Nave

Part of a church plan; PRINCIPAL or CENTRAL PART of the church extending from the narthex to the choir

Aisle

Part of a church plan; any of the LONGITUDINAL DIVISIONS separated from the nave

Bema

Part of a church plan; RAISED PLATFORM transverse open space separating the nave and the apse placed on either side. functioned as a stage for the seating of clergy, first in the chancel and later in the apse

Transept

Part of a church plan; as wide as the nave forming a square at the crossing, consisting of the choir and apse

Choir

Part of a church plan; part of the basilica occupied by the singers

Ambo or Ambulatory

Part of a church plan; SEMI-CIRCULAR WALKWAY with chapels off it surrounding the sanctuary

Pulpit

Part of a church plan; appointed place for preaching

Apse

Part of a church plan; usually semi-circular or polygonal. often vaulted recess, especially the termination of the sanctuary end of the church

Altar

Part of a church plan; table upon which the eucharist is celebrated

Monasteries

Denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayers (oratory) as well as the domestic quarters and workplace(s) of monastics whether living in community or alone; usually arranged around a quadrangle

Abbey of Cluney

Grandest Romanesque monastery

Cloister

Courtyard inside a monastery

Almonry

Treasury house inside a monastery

Infirmary

So called hospitals/clinics inside a monastery

Abbot's Lodging

House of main monastics

Cells

Dormitories inside the monastery

Cathedral of Pisa

Cathedral by an unknown architect, famous for it's leaning tower

Santiago de Compostela

Located in Spain; a pilgrimage destination for Paul's pilgrims; said to contain a fusion of styles. built over the believed tomb of St. James the apostle

Durham Cathedral

Said to be the GREATEST NORMAN BUILDING and the only cathedral to retain its Romanesque craftmanship in England. Most ambitious and largest Romanesque church, believed to be the birthplace of gothic style

Tower of London

Royal palace of her majesty. An example of Norman military architecture built on Thames by William the conqueror to protect London and assert his power