Metabolism Simple Notes

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body.

Anabolism

The process of building molecules (requires energy).

Catabolism

The process of breaking down molecules (releases energy).

Relationship between anabolism and catabolism

They are like Sisyphus, constantly rebuilding and breaking down. (mura pud ako ga suffer og skwela to live happy)

Nutrients

Water, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and proteins.

Most abundant nutrient in the body

Water.

Vitamins

Organic compounds needed in small amounts.

Minerals

Inorganic elements needed for various functions.

Carbohydrates

The main source of energy for cells.

Storage of carbohydrates in the body

As glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Glucose

A sugar converted from carbohydrates and used for immediate energy needs.

Cells that rely solely on glucose for energy

Neurons and red blood cells.

Lipids

Primarily function to store energy for long-term use.

Additional functions of lipids

Insulate organs, protect from shock, and form cell membranes.

Essential fatty acids

Fatty acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained from food.

Examples of essential fatty acids

Omega-6 and omega-3.

Proteins

Main functions include building and repairing tissues, making enzymes and hormones, and forming ion channels and pumps in cells.

Composition of proteins

Amino acids.

Essential amino acids

Amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained from food.