Metabolism Simple Notes

Metabolism:

• What is metabolism? The sum of all chemical reactions in the body.

• What are the two main processes of metabolism? Anabolism and catabolism.

• What is anabolism? Building molecules (requires energy).

• What is catabolism? Breaking down molecules (releases energy).

• What is the relationship between anabolism and catabolism? They are like Sisyphus, constantly rebuilding and breaking down.

Nutrients:

• What are the six major groups of nutrients? Water, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and proteins.

• What is the most abundant nutrient in the body? Water.

• What are vitamins? Organic compounds needed in small amounts.

• What are minerals? Inorganic elements needed for various functions.

• What are carbohydrates? The main source of energy for cells.

• How are carbohydrates stored in the body? As glycogen in the liver and muscles.

• What is glucose? A sugar that is converted from carbohydrates and used for immediate energy needs.

• What cells rely solely on glucose for energy? Neurons and red blood cells.

Lipids:

• What is the primary function of lipids? To store energy for long-term use.

• What other functions do lipids have? They insulate organs, protect them from shock, and form cell membranes.

• What are essential fatty acids? Fatty acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained from food.

• What are two examples of essential fatty acids? Omega-6 and omega-3.

Proteins:

• What are the main functions of proteins? To build and repair tissues, make enzymes and hormones, and form ion channels and pumps in cells.

• What are proteins made up of? Amino acids.

• How many amino acids are there? 20.

• How many essential amino acids are there? 9.

• What does it mean for an amino acid to be essential? It means that the body cannot synthesize it and must be obtained from food.