sweat Georgia brown

Ben Bernie and maceo pinkard

by the (part-century), a number of commercial music publishers had opened shops on (#th) street in (city)

late 19th; 28th; NY

great deal of rivalry between music publishing shops so most hired (blank) to help sell the sheet music they were printing

song pluggers

where were the pianos located in the stores? why?

front office so they can play the sheet music before buying it but song pluggers would often play it for customers who weren't skilled pianists

what gave tin pan alley its name?

a visiting journalist felt that the racket from all the businesses was deafening and sounded like a bunch of tin pans being clanged together

“tin pan alley” was soon applied to the (blank) published there (and in other u.s. cities)

type of popular music 

who “pounded the piano” as song pluggers

lillian Hardin Armstrong, Fletcher henderson, James p Johnson, George Gershwin, Vincent youmans, jerome kern

by the (decade), many of the firms were beginning to disperse to other parts of town, but the tin pan alley label persisted for decades as a description for popular music

1920s

what strategies did song-pluggers use to sell music (2 strats)

1) reach one customer at a time

2) cultivate relationships with star performers, persuading them to add new songs to their things

3) have singers record songs and publisher would include a photograph of their face on the printed sheet music to promote sales

many song-pluggers cultivated relationships with star performers, persuading them to add new songs to their (blank), (blank), (blank), or (blank)

nightclub show appearances, vaudeville skits, broadway musicals, revues

early on, a perfromer would be given a (blank); soon additional incentives included (blank), (blank), and even (blank)

free copy of the song; free drinks, gifts, cash

as (blank) began to develop after WWI, sing-pluggers targeted (blank) with (blank)

commercial radios; the conductors of orchestras; weekly radio broadcast

one of the targets for song-pluggers was (name) who was born “name” (lifespan), a bandleader who was nicknamed “(blank)”

ben bernie; Bernard anzelevitz; 1891-1943; the old maestro

ben Bernie was raised in a family of #

12

what was bernie’s childhood like

he experienced acute poverty

what music store employed both Vincent youmans and George gershwin

jerome m remick & company

what other music store is in the picture

45 Whitney Warner music

ben Bernie said, “we were so poor that I still look upon (blank) as a luxury”

fruit

artists (name) depicted a (blank) performing in his painting (blank)

McClelland Barclay; The Nightclub Singer

the photograph of bandleader Ben Bernie was taken a few years (before/after) he recorded “song” with his “blank”

after; sweet Georgia brown; hotel Roosevelt orchestra

ben Bernie started as a (instrument) performing in (blank), but was inspired to undertake a (blank) career after hearing the (blank) led by (name)

violin; vaudeville; conducting; jazz-orchestra ensemble; Paul whiteman

(name) (lifespan) was the (blank) who would be the impetus for George gerswhin to compose (blank)

paul whiteman (1890-1967); director; rhapsody in blue

bernie’s ensemble was the first orchestra hired to perform in what ballroom

hotel Roosevelt in new york

bernie’s group played at hotel Roosevelt from yr-yr

1923-1929 (6 yrs)

bernie was a fine (blank), but it was his (blank) that was his greatest asset when the (company) network was looking for an orchestra to feature on its first broadcast

violinist; speaking voice; NBC (national broadcasting company)

bernie and hotel roosevelt orchestra connected to NBC’s first nationwide broadcast on (date)

nov 15, 1926

bernie’s “quote” led to coast-to-coast fame

easy-going, witty microphone manner

sweet Georgia brown is named for

a real young woman whose father, Dr. George Thaddeus brown, was a longtime member of the georgia state legislature

the daughter was likely named for her father’s home state, but it’s not confirmed that the (blank) “adopted” her and awarded her “blank” status after her birth in (yr)

general assembly; open-floor; 1911

there is a claim that Dr Brown met Bernie while in (state) as a (blank) and described his daughter to the bandleader who was then inspired to write lyrics Abt her

new York; medical student

while it is true that Dr Brown completed some of his med training in new York, that education took place in the (part-centruy)—-decades before his daughter was born, and while Bernie was not yet (age)

late 19th; 10yrs old

ben Bernie and a #-member hotel Roosevelt orchestra recorded the Tin pan Alley tune “sweet Georgia brown” on (date)

13; March 19, 1925

the photo of Ben Bernie was taken a few years after/before he recorded “sweet georgia brown”

after

who sang the song for sweet georgia brown

stanely cole

whcih company recorded sweet Georgia brown

jerome h remick & co (new York and detroit)

sweet Georgia brown was composed by who (name, yrs)

maceo pinkard (1897-1962)

pinkard (race, what does he do, from where)

multi-talented African American composer from west Virginia

where did piankard build his career and what was he doing

built his career in the Midwest working as a theatrical agent

pinkard moved to (state) in (yr), where he expanded his range of actviities

new york 1920

pinkard wrote the book for (blank) in (yr)

shuffle along sequel called Liza in 1922

what else did pinkard do (3)

1) carnage music for various jazz bands

2) ran own publishing house

3) write songs

all the people credited on sheet music for “sweet Georgia brown”

ben Bernie, maceo pinkard, Kenneth casey

kenneth Casey job and lifespan

lyrcist 1899-1965

casey was best known as a

child actor

bernie’s connection to sweet Georgia bronw

soemtimes labeled as composer, sometimes lyrcicst

what line is attributed to bernie

georgia named her, Georgia claimed her

composer (name) points out that many of the other lyrics would hardly be an appropriate way for Dr Brown to have described his #-yr-old daughter

charles bowen; 14

what line is inappropriate for Dr Brown to have said about his daughter

fellers she can’t get are fellers she ain’t met

why was Bernie credited according to bowen

he did so much to popularize the song with his performances

tin pan alley historian (name) agrees with bowen saying that Bernie “for plugging purposes, cut himself in on the song as co-composer, although he did no writing”

david jasen

ben bernie’s 1925 recording reach number # on the billboard chart and held that position for # weeks straight, it remained on the pop charts in various positions for # weeks in all

1; 5; 13

2 other recordings by other performers also made it to number # and # on the charts in (yr)

5 and 6 in 1925

who is pinkard’s biographer

jeffery green

(name) notes that sweet georgia brown “became one of the most frequently recorded tunes in jaxx”

jeffery green

one of the most famous recordings of sweet Georgia brown was in (yr) by (group)

1949; brother bones and his shadows

in the 1949 version, the chorus is (blank)

whistled

the 1949 version has been used as the theme song of (sport) team the (name) since (yr)

basketball team the Harlem Globetrotters; 1952

sweet Georgia brown employs a # bar chorus that is (blank) which is similar to

32; split into two 16-bar halves; hotter than that

the overall chorus is structured as (blank) similar to

A-B-A-C show tune form; tea for two

phrase (letter), references the (rhythm)

C; Charleston rhyhtm

because of the Charleston rhythm employed, (company) advertised the Bernie recording as “quote”

brunswick records; a Charleston swing song

the piece alternates what two things

new Orleans heterophonic passages with pre-planned Chicago homophony

trumptes use (blank) as heard in “song”

mutes; dippermouth blues

what does the song have that is Chicago style

several instrument solos

analyst (name) notes that “sweet Georgia brown is an early jazz classic that also foreshadows (blank)”

thomas hischak; swing sound

the (blank)-focused melodies, in the manner of (name) and (name), are one pre-swing charteristic

riff; count Basie and Fletcher henderson

what resembles henderson’s approach in the stampede

sectional writing for saxophones in chorus 2

all the parts of sweet Georgia brown that are similar to other songs (6)

1) show-tune form: tea for two

2) mutes: dippermouth blues

3) solos: a lot of songs

4) sectional writing of saxophones in chorus 2: the stampede

5) 32 bar from split into two 16-bar halves: hotter than that

6) C phrase has charleston rhythm: the charleston

in the (blank) was an innovation of bernie’s interpretation of the song: meter is in the typical (blank), the hotel roosevelt orchestra performs a (blank) that emphasizes every # beat, as if the time signature shifted to

introduction; danceable common-time; hemiola passage; 3rd; 3/4

the hemiola passage contains what notes

4 eighth notes and a quarter note

the four phrases of the show-tune chorus each modulate to a key that is a (interval) lower/higher than the preceding phrase

perfect fifth lower

you can trace the changing keys by moving which direction around the circle of fifths

counterclockwise

is it easy to sing sweet Georgia brown

no

who notes, “the song has been whistled and hummed by the person on the street for decades”

hischak

how many bars is the intro

8

what does the song start with

homorhythmic ascending pattern

how many choruses

5

ends with a

coda that has a cymbal at the end

how many interludes and where

2; one between chorus 3 and 4 another between chorus 4 and 5

the refrains are labeled as

A and A’

in chorus 1 there is a vamp in which instrument family

woodwinds

which chorus doesn’t have a c phrase —> doesn’t have Charleston rhythm

chorus 3

which chorus has a “neigh”-like response in woodwinds

chorus 3

what choruses have trumpet mutes

2, 3, 4

sectional writing in what choruses

2: saxaphones

4: woodwinds