Chem hybridization

CHEM1270

Alkanes

single bonds

Alkenes

double bonds

Alkynes

triple bonds

single bond is what hybridization?

sp3

double bond is what hybridization?

sp2

triple bond is what hybridization?

sp

Meth-

one carbon atom

Eth-

two carbon atoms

Prop-

three carbon atoms

But-

four carbon atoms

Pent-

five carbon atoms

Hex-

six carbon atoms

Hept-

seven carbon atoms

Oct-

eight carbon atoms

Non-

nine carbon atoms

Dec-

ten carbon atoms

Isomers

compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Sublimation

solid to gas (endothermic)

Deposition

gas to solid (exothermic)

Fusion

melting, solid to liquid (endothermic)

Freezing

liquid to solid

dipole-dipole

polar molecules attract one another intermolecular interaction

London dispersion

Attraction between temporary induced dipoles in neighboring molecules

Hydrogen bonding

Intermolecular interaction when H is bonded to very electronegative elements, N, O, and F

critical pressure

the pressure at which transition occurs

Vapor pressure

energy of a system

Le Chatelier’s principle

when dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, the system responds to minimize the disturbance and returns to the state of equilibrium

Boiling point

the point when the liquid’s vapor pressure equals the external pressure

normal boiling point’s vapor pressure

1 atm

Dynamic equilibrium

the rate of condensation and the rate of vaporization becomes equal

Crystalline

atoms or molecules arranged in a well-ordered three-dimensional array

miscibility

another word for solubility

Intermolecular forces

the forces that hold condensed states together

amorphous

atoms or molecules have no long-range order

Alcohol

Carboxylic Acid

Amine

Ester

Amide

Dipeptide reaction

Ester

smells nice, found in nature

CH2-CH3

ethyl group

CH3

methyl group

enantiomers/chiral

molecules that are different than their mirror images, have 4 different atoms/groups attached to a carbon atom with tetrahedral molecular geometry

sp

linear

sp2

trigonal planar

sp3

tetrahedral

sigma bond form in what number bonds?

single bonds

pie bonds form in what number bonds?

double and triple bonds