Chem: Solution

key notes for the “Solution Unit”.

Heterogenous Mixtures

Blend of mixtures

• don’t uniformly mix

• visibly distinglishable

Suspensions

mixture that contains particles that settle down if left undisturbed

Colloids

• HM of intermolecular (1nm - 1000nm) that do not settle

  • appear as a clear solution

  • Tyndall Effect

    • Light being scattered by big enough particles

Solution

= Solute + Solvent

Solid Solution

A solid mixture where one solid is dissolved with another

Alloys

Solid solutions made of two or more metals

Liquid Solution

solid, liquid, or gas in a liquid solvent

Gas Solution

A mixture of gasses where molecules are evenly distributed

Aqueous Solution

Where water is the solvent (aq)

Solute

Dissolves in the solvent

• (solid solute) → solute is saluable

• (liquid solute) → solute is missable

Solvent

the substance that isn’t dissolving (dissolves the solute)

Soluble

A substance (solid or gas) able to dissolve in a specific solvent

Insoluble

A substance that can’t dissolve in a specific solvent

Miscible

Two liquids that completely dissolve in each other

Immiscible

Two liquids that don’t mix, separating into two distinct layers

Solubility

Maximum amount of solute that will dissolve at a given amount of solvent.

Saturated

• When a solvent cannot dissolve more solute at a given temperature

Unsaturated

• When more salute can be dissolved in the solvent at a given temperature

Supersaturated

• Solution that contains more dissolved solute than it can handle

%Volume

= (Vsolute / Vsolvent) x 100

% Mass

= (Msolute / Msolvent) x 100

Mole Fraction

= nsolute / (nsolute + nsolvent)

Molartiy

= nsolute / Vsolution

Vapor Pressure (v.p.)

Depression

Boiling Point (b.p.)

Elevation

Freezing Point (f.p.)

Lowering

Factors that Affect Solubility