Psych - motivation / emotion / personality

Drive-reduction theory

survival instincts; yerkes-Dodson graph

minnesota starvation experiment

study on effects of starvation;

optimal arousal

theory that there’s a “sweet spot” for how much stress makes you work at max efficiency

gherlin

In gut; ”growlin’”; hormone that tells you you’re hungry

Orexin

secreted in bloodstream; tells you you’re hungry

Leptin, PYY

hormones that inhibit hunger

GO eat; Less Pie

Ghrelin, orexin, Leptin, PYY

ventromedial hypothalamus

full

lateral hypothalamus

hunger

set point

body’s “ preferred weight

unit bias

tendency to finish food regardless of portion

Social situations; more options; larger plates

make you eat more

cognitive appraisal theory

labeling. / context can determine ultimate emotion

sympathetic nervous system

most emotional responses activate; fight-or flight

cannon-bard theory

physiology and emotion occur simultaneously

james-lange theory

physiology first; then emotion

Misattribution

girl on the bridge; spillover effect

spillover effect

arousal from something else fuels emotion; misplacement of arousal to unrelated context

paul ekman

studied facial expressions; found that they’re universal

darwin

facial expressions aid in survival

facial feedback effect

smiling causes release of happy chemicals

Cortisol

stress hormone

HPA axis

3 headed stress response prompted by SNS

oxytocin

”cuddle hormone”; comes with human contact; relives stress

B cells

fight bacteria; found in bone marrow

T cells

fight cancer and viruses; found in Thymus gland

type A personality

more driven; more prone to stress, heart disease, and weaker immune system

tend and befriend

supporting and bonding with others in stressful situations; more common in women

alarm

initial exposure to stress

Resistance

most productive stress condition; fighting to maintain homeostasis against stress

exhaustion

burnout after productivity due to stress; crashing out

general adaptation syndrome

hans selye; alarm, resistance, exhaustion

females

better at reading facial expressions

ego

outward personality

Id

”devil on shoulder”; do what feels good

Superego

”angel on shoulder”; do what is right

Denial

refusing to accept reality

repression

brain blocking out traumatic memory

Projection

Saying others have your negative traits

regression

returning to childlike state

Reaction formation

acting opposite how you feel

sublimation

channeling negative energy into something else

rationalization

logical excuses to explain something bad that happened to you

displacement

taking anger out on someone/something else

Humanists

focus on humans’ ability to shape/control own lives; self awareness/improvement

carl rogers

Humanist; changed patient to client

self-actualizing tendency

drive to fulfill ideal-self

fully-functioning

self directed; having awareness of one’s inner self; reached through unconditional positive regard

unconditional positive regard

act of accepting and supporting w/o judgment regardless of actions/words; parenting technique

trait theorists

people differ according to possession of certain traits in adolescence

big 5 traits

openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism