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Health Science Nutrition Chapter 8-
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1
Vitamin
An organic micronutrient that can have a variety of functions in the body.
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2
Vitamin precursors (provitamins, previtamins)
Substances in food or the body that cells can convert into active vitamins.
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3
Fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E, and K.
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4
Water soluble vitamins
Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6, pantothenic acid, folate, biotin, vitamin B-12, and Vitamin C.
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5
Retinol (performed vitamin A)
Form of vitamin A that is found in animal sources of food.
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6
Carotenoids
Yellow, orange, and red pigments in fruits and vegetables.
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7
Beta-carotene
Carotenoid that the body can convert to vitamin A.
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8
Provitamin A
Carotenoids that the body converts to vitamin A.
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9
Epithelial cells
Cells that form protective linings of the body.
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10
Cornea
Clear covering over the front of the eyeball.
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11
Carotenodermia
Yellowish-orange discoloration of the skin that results from excess beta-carotene.
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12
Teratogen
Agent that causes birth defects.
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13
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency disorder in children.
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14
Previtamin D
Inactive form of vitamin D.
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15
Osteomalacia
Adult rickets condition characterized by poorly mineralized (soft) bones.
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16
Alpha-tocopherol
Vitamin E.
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17
Coenzyme
Small molecule that interacts with an enzyme, enabling the enzyme to function.
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18
Power player B vitamins
Thiamin(B1), Riboflavin (B3), and Niacin(B2).
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19
Beriberi
A thiamin deficiency disease.
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20
Ariboflavinosis
Riboflavin deficiency disease.
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21
Pellagra
A niacin deficiency disease.
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22
Heme
Iron containing portion of hemoglobin.
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23
Hemoglobin
The protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen.
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24
Homocysteine
A toxic amino acid.
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25
Folic acid or food folate
Forms of folate.
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26
Megaloblastic anemia
A condition characterized by fewer and abnormal blood cells.
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27
Intrinsic factor (IF)
A substance produced in the stomach that helps vitamin B-12 absorption.
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28
Neural tube
Embryonic structure that eventually develops into the brain and spinal cord.
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29
Spina bifida
The type of neural tube defect in which the spine doesn't form properly before birth, failing to enclose the spinal cord.
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30
Pernicious anemia
A condition caused by the lack of intrinsic factor.
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31
Ascorbic acid
Vitamin C.
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32
Collagen
Fibrous protein that gives strength to connective tissue.
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33
Carcinogen
An agent that causes cancer.
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34
Cancer
A group of diseases characterized by abnormal cell behavior.
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35
Scurvy
A vitamin C deficiency disease.
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