Law that said anyone born in United States is a citizen-this was also rejected by Johnson
New cards
2
What is the 14th Amendment
Granted full citizenship and rights to anyone born in the US
New cards
3
What was Lincolns 10% plan?
Once 10 percent of state voters took loyalty oath could they rejoin Union and form new state government
New cards
4
3 Major questions most Americans asked regarding the political fate of the Confederate States? \#1
Should Confederate leaders be tried for treason?
New cards
5
3 Major questions most Americans asked regarding the political fate of the Confederate States?\#2
Should Confederate leaders be pardoned so that National healing could proceed as quickly as possible?
New cards
6
3 Major questions most Americans asked regarding the political fate of the Confederate States? \#3
What should be the process by which Southern Representatives could reclaim their seats in Congress?
New cards
7
What does pardon mean?
Excuse or forgive
New cards
8
What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
A group of people/Agency that helped refugees and Freedmen
New cards
9
What were Black Codes?
Restrictive laws for African Americans (required by Johnson)
New cards
10
What else was included in Black Codes?
Curfew, Vagrancy, land restriction, labor contracts
New cards
11
What did the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
Passed legislation over another Presidential Veto- seperated 10 Southern States that hadn't yet re admitted to Union into military districs that were controlled by old Union Leaders
New cards
12
What does Impeach mean?
bringing formal charges
New cards
13
In the end, what did most Northern's come to realize about Reconstruction?
Political, economical, social life rebuilding is hard
New cards
14
After Slavery and Southern Secession was "resolved", What was the new focus?
Focus on Political, Economical reform, and concern over military operations cost
New cards
15
What did the Supreme Court rule of the Slaughterhouse cases(1873)?
Restrictment of 14th amendment due to Monopoly, claimed violation of citizens right
New cards
16
How did the Slaughterhouse cases affect the 14th amendment?
Federal Government had power but not over state laws
New cards
17
What are redeemers?
Southern white democrats--->Political power 1870-compromisers whose objective was to "redeem" South
New cards
18
Who was Rutherford B. Hayes?
19th President during the end of reconstruction
New cards
19
What was Compromise of 1877?
Agreement of Rutherford B. Hayes winning presidential election in for exchange for removal of federal troops out of South
New cards
20
What were 3 major successes of the Reconstruction?
Union restored, African Americans get citizenship, voting rights
New cards
21
Why is Reconstruction also considered a fail?
Effects were not lasting, and not enough enforcement
New cards
22
What Elizabeth Cady Stanton belief on women's suffrage?
Believed ability to vote should be given immediately to women and African Americans
New cards
23
When did the Reconstruction end?
1877
New cards
24
What was the meaning of the Reconstructions ending?
Led to narrowing African American rights + turn away 1880-90 from equality
New cards
25
What were Jim Crow Laws?
Laws that allowed and implemented Segregation
New cards
26
The effects of the Jim Crow law?
Court ruling public accommodations were local issue and Southern Municipalties benefited and could proceed w/ segregation and limitations
New cards
27
State Limitations on Voting rights?
Includes poll tax, literacy test, violence, all white primaries, grandfather clauses, secret ballots, property tests.
New cards
28
What were poll taxes?
a special tax people had to pay before they could vote
New cards
29
What was the Literacy Tests?
Tests requiring reading or comprehension skills as a qualification for voting and this prevented many African Americans from voting
New cards
30
What was the Grandfather Clause?
Disqualification law-Only men who had grand/father who had previously voted before 1866-67
New cards
31
What does lynching mean?
Murder by a mob. Victim is often targeted and tortured- no trial
New cards
32
Who was Ida B. Wells?
Journalist who wrote about racial injustices and the founder of the Alpha Suffrage Club
New cards
33
Difference in demands between Booker T. Washington and W. E. B Du Bois?
Washington felt better to work on economy and work with what you had while W. E. B Bois believed you shouldn’t just focus on that
New cards
34
15th Amendment
Assured/guaranteed the right to vote of African American Men
Studied by 18 people
