The list of all diseases

What are pathogens?

**Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious diseases.** Pathogens may be viruses, bacteria, protists, or fungi. They may infect plants or animals and can be spread by direct contact, with air, and water.

Life cycle of a pathogen

They infect a host

reproduce (or replicate in case of virus)

spread from their host

and infect other organisms

Where do bacteria reproduce and what kind of damage do they cause?

Bacteria and viruses may reproduce rapidly inside the body.

Bacterias may produce toxins that damage tissues and make us feel ill.

Where do viruses reproduce and what kind of damage do they cause?

They live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage.

Measels

viral disease: showing symptoms of fever and a red skin rash.

serious illness - can be fatal if complications arise. (which is why most young children are vaccinated against measles)

spread: by inhalation of droplets from sneeze and caugh

HIV

**Viral disease:** initially causes a flu-like illness. Last stage HIV infections or AIDS occurs when the body's immune system becomes so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancer.

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Unless successfully controlled with **antiretroviral drugs** the virus attacks the body’s immune cells.

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**Spread;** by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids such as blood.

TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus)

**Viral disease:** widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants including tomatoes.

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**Issue:** Gives a distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern discoloration meaning there is less chlorophyll on the leaves which affects the growth of plants due to lack of photosynthesis.

Salmonella

**Bacterial disease:** food poisoning. SYmptoms include fever, abdominal cramps, vomitting and diarrhoea are caused by the bacteria and toxins they secrete

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**Spread:** By bacteria ingested in the food or food prepared in unhygenice conditions.

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**Prevented:** poutry are vaccinated against it to control the spread.

Gonnoreah

**Bacterial disease:** an STD with symptoms of yellow or green thick discharge from the vagina o penis and pain on urinating.

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**Prevented:** by treatment with antibiotics or the use of a barrier method of contraception eg condom.

Rose black spot

**Fungal disease:** purple or black spots develop on leaves, which may odten turn yellow and drop early.

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Affects the growth of plant as photosynthesis is reduced.

**Spread:**in the environment by water or wind

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**Treated:** by using fungicides and/or removing and destroying affected leaves (bu burning it).

Malaria

**Protist disease:** the pathogens that causes malaria are protists.

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The malaria protist has a life cycle that includes the mosquito.

Causes recurrent episodes f fever and can be fatal.

The spread of Malaria is controlled by preventng the vectors, mosquiotos by breeding using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten.

What chemicals do fungi make that cuases the cells to be digested?

Enzymes