kinetic model of matter

brownian motion

states that all matter is made up of a large number of small particles which are in continuous and random motion

brownian motion: types of particles and why they move

suspended particles: eg smoke particles
fluid particles: eg air molecules
fluid particles undergo continuous and random motion, collide with suspended particles continuously

gas laws:
pressure - temperature

as temperature increases, average KE of gas particles increases
average force per collision by gas particles on the inner walls of the container increases
frequency of collisions increases
thus, gas pressure increases

pressure - volume

since temp is constant, KE is constant
average force per collision is constant
as volume of container increases, number of gas particles per unit volume decreases
frequency of collisions decreases
gas pressure decreases

volume - temperature

temp increases, average KE increases
average force per collision by gas particles on inner walls increase
as volume increases, number of gas particles per unit volume decreases
frequency of collisions decreases
these two counteracting factors ensure pressure is constant

summary