Autonomic ques

What are the divisions of the PNS?

Somatic NS and Autonomic NS.

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic NS?

Sympathetic Division and Parasympathetic Division.

How many motor neurons are in series in autonomic motor pathways?

2 motor neurons.

How does the number of motor neurons in the autonomic NS compare to the somatic NS?

The autonomic NS has 2 motor neurons in series, while the somatic NS only has one.

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies located? Are the axons myelinated or unmyelinated?

Preganglionic cell bodies are located in the CNS, and the axons are myelinated.

What about postganglionic cell bodies and axons? Myelinated or unmyiñinated

Postganglionic cell bodies are located in ganglia, and the axons are unmyelinated.

Are pre and post-ganglionic neurons sensory or motor neurons?

They are motor neurons.

Are preganglionic neurons myelinated or unmyelinated? What about postganglionic neurons?

Preganglionic neurons are myelinated, while postganglionic neurons are unmyelinated.

What are the two types of ganglia for sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons?

The two types are sympathetic trunk ganglia and preverteblar ganglia

Where do the sympathetic ganglia lie? Where do they innervate?

Lie in the vertical row on either side of verteblar column. Extend from base of skull to coccyx. Postganglionic axons innervate organs above diaphram

Where does prevertebral ganglia lie and what innervates

Lie anterior to vertebral column and close to abdominal arteries ñ. Post ganglionic axons innervate organs below diaphragm

Where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons located within the spinal cord?

They are located in the thoracolumbar region. Inside cns

What is another name for the sympathetic division?

Thoracolumbar division.

What are splanchnic nerves? Do they synapse in the sympathetic trunk?

Splanchnic nerves are nerves that innervate abdominal and pelvic organs; they do not synapse in the sympathetic trunk but synapse in prevertebral ganglia.

Are the axons long or short in preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic NS?

Preganglionic axons are short, and postganglionic axons are long.

Where are the cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons located within the spinal cord?

4 cranial nerves in brainstep

Craniosacral

What is another name for the parasympathetic division?

Craniosacral division.

Where do preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic division synapse with postganglionic neurons?

They synapse in ganglia located close to the target cells.

Are the axons long or short in preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic NS?

Preganglionic axons are long, and postganglionic axons are short.

What are autonomic plexuses?

Networks of fibers that innervate visceral organs.

What are the 2 major autonomic plexuses in the thorax?

Cardiac plexus (supplies heart) and Pulmonary plexus (supplies lungs).

What do cholinergic neurons release?

acetylcholine (ACh).

What do adrenergic neurons release?

norepinephrine (also known as noradrenalin).

What are the 2 types of cholinergic receptors?

Nicotinic in ganglia and Muscarinic receptors in effector organs .

Where are nicotinic receptors located?

They are found in the ganglia.

Where are muscarinic receptors located?

They are found at the synapses with the effector organs.

Which NS division do cholinergic drugs mimic?

mimic the effects of the parasympathetic NS.

What effects do cholinergic drugs produce?

Parasympathetic ns Effects such as salivation, digestion, and muscle relaxation.

Which NS division do adrenergic drugs mimic?

mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.

What effects do adrenergic drugs produce?

Effects such as increased heart rate, sweating, increased breathing rate, and decreased digestion.

What is autonomic tone?

The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.