Population and Migration Patterns and Processes Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about population and migration.

Population Distribution

Pattern of people scattered over an area, influenced by physical and human factors.

Ecumene

Habitable parts of the Earth.

Population Density

Number of people within a given area.

Arithmetic Population Density

Total population divided by total land area.

Physiologic Population Density

Total population divided by total arable land.

Agricultural Population Density

Number of farmers per arable land.

Carrying Capacity

Number of people an area can sustain without straining resources.

Population Pyramid

Visual representation of a population by age and sex.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Average number of children a woman will have (age 15-49).

Birth Rate (Crude Birth Rate - CBR)

Live births per 1000 people per year.

Replacement Fertility Level

2.1 children per woman.

Mortality Rate (Crude Death Rate - CDR)

Deaths per 1000 people per year.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Deaths during the 1st year of life per 1000 live births.

Child Mortality Rate

Deaths between ages 1 and 5 per 1000.

Maternal Mortality Rate

Deaths during or shortly after childbirth per 100,000.

Migration

Permanent movement to a new locale.

Emigration (Out Migration)

Movement out of a place.

Immigration (In Migration)

Movement to a place.

Transnational Migration

Across national boundaries.

Internal Migration

Within national boundaries.

Natural Increase Rate (RNI)

CBR minus CDR (excluding migration).

Population Doubling Time

Time for a population to double. Calculated as 71/RNI.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

Describes population change over time as a country develops.

Epidemiologic Transition (Mortality Revolution)

Shift from infectious to chronic diseases as death rates change with development.

Malthusian Theory

Population growth outpaces food supply, leading to poverty and misery.

Pro-natalist Policies

Encourage births.

Anti-natalist Policies

Limit births.

Life Expectancy

Average years a newborn can expect to live.

Aging Index

Number of people 65+ per 100 children (0-14).

Dependency Ratio

Economic impact of young/old on productive members.

Push Factors

Reasons to leave.

Pull Factors

Reasons to go.

Intervening Opportunity

Nearer, attractive alternative.

Intervening Obstacle

Discourages migration.

Forced Migration

Not by choice (all push factors).

Refugee

Crosses national boundaries seeking safety from conflict/persecution.

Asylum Seeker

Flees home country, applies for protection (status pending).

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

Leaves home due to conflict/disaster but stays within the country.

Voluntary Migration

By choice (push and pull factors).

Transhumance

Seasonal movement of livestock.

Chain Migration

Following family/friends to the same destination.

Step Migration

Distant destination reached in stages.

Guest Workers

Temporary work permission in another country.

Rural to Urban Migration

Movement from countryside to city.

Brain Drain

Emigration of skilled workers.

Remittances

Money sent home.

Transnationalism

Immigrants with ties to multiple countries.