The Protestant Reformation

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The Protestant Reformation

The Movement that transformed christianity and Europe

Simony

A deliberate intention of buying or selling for a temporal price such things as are spiritual or annexed unto spirituals (Selling of blessed items)

Indulgence

a remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven.

Temporal Punishment

The lasting consequences f sin, which inflict damage on oneself, others, and one’s relationship with God.

Remission

Cancellation of a debt, charge, or penalty

Martin Luther

German monk who criticized church practices

95 Theses

Written by Martin Luther. condemned the sale of indulgences

Diet of Worms

Where Martin Luther declared a HERETIC.

Spread of Protestantism

Ended the religious unity of Europe.

Lutheranism

A protestant church by Martin Luther that emerged from germany and scandinavia.

Sola Fide

Faith Alone - Salvation comes through faith in Christ alone, not through good works or church rituals.

Sola Scriptura

Scripture Alone - the bible is the sole authority in matters of faith and practice, rejecting the authority of the church tradition or the pope. 

Priesthood of All Believers

Every Christian has direct access to God without the need for a human mediator.

Calvinism

A new protestant church by John Calvin that emerged from switzerland, netherlands, and scotland.

The Institutes of Christian Religion

A summary authored by John Calvin that summarizes protestant ideas, served as a guide for protestant communities.

Doctrine of Predestination

God has predestined individuals to salvation ( the elect) and others to damnation.

Anglicanism

Protestant church that was founded by King Henry VIII.

The archbishop of canterbury

spiritual head but acts as “first among equals”

Counter Reformation

Catholic Church’s response to Protestantism

Council of Trent

1.Reaffirmed faith + good

works for salvation.

2.Declared Pope as highest

authority.

3.Prohibited sale of

indulgences (but kept

practice).

4.Improved priest training

(seminaries).

aimed to strengthened church discipline and teachings

Jesuits

founded by St.Ignatius of Loyola, had a mission to defend catholicism, educate youth, and spread faith.

Index of Prohibited Books

censored writings against catholic teachings. Included the divine comedy my dante alighieri and the literary works of desiderius erasmus.

Religious wars in Europe

England vs Spain —→ Spain’s Armada was defeated by England ——→ england remained protestant