Lec 36 & 37 (Coccidia- Cryptosporidium)

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28 Terms

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Coccidia

What has asexual and sexual replication in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts?

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> Waterborne Outbreaks

> Swimming pools, splash parks, municipal supplies
> Daycare centers
> Foodborne Outbreaks

What is Cryptosporidium spp. primarily associated with?

Where?

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> Synthesize fatty acids

> Plastid bodies for manufacturing food

Cryptosporidium spp. lack the Krebs cycle which makes them unable to do what?

What else do they lack?

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Passed in feces, immediately infective and morphologically indistinguishable

What is the case for oocysts of all species of Cryptosporidium?

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Direct Lifecycle

What type of lifecycle do Cryptosporidium spp. have?

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In the small intestinal epithelium (inter-cellular)

Where does sexual and asexual replication of Cryptosporidium spp. occur?

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3-5 day incubation period

Oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. are passed in the feces following what?

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True

T or F: Cryptosporidium spp. is immediately infective.

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Via fecal-oral contamination and ingestion of oocysts

How does host infection with Cryptosporidium spp. occur?

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As few as 9 oocysts

What is an infectious dose of Cryptosporidium spp.?

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> Voluminous watery diarrhea
> Abdominal discomfort, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue, fever

What clinical signs are associated with symptomatic infections with Cryptosporidium spp.?

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1-3 weeks of age

Cryptosporidium occurs in dairy calves of what age?

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- Anorexia
- Profuse diarrhea
- Tenesmus
- Weight loss

What clinical signs are seen in dairy calves with Crypto?

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- Horses
- Pigs
- Companion Animals

Who has infections with Crypto that are usually inapparent?

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1st weeks of life

When does Crypto occur in neonatal calves?

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Diarrheal disease

Crypto in neonatal calves accounts for 57% of weaning mortality from what?

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Scours

Cryto in neonatal calves - ~25% of deaths are attributed to what?

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- Blunting of brush border
- Loss of microvilli
- Villous atrophy in SI
- Decreased milk production

Crypto can cause malnutrition and reduce growth - what might this lead to?

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Oocyst contamination of bedding environment

What is a persistent source of reinfection with Crypto?

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Young & Immune Naive

Who is most susceptible to crypto when looking at sheep and goats?

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Extra-cellular Cryptosporidium adherent on the brush border of the intestinal epithelium

What is seen in the following image?

<p>What is seen in the following image?</p>
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- Daycare center outbreaks
- Municipal pool/splash parks
- Farm visits by school children
- Petting Zoos

Where might Crypto be seen as a health issue in people?

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Unreported

Farm-family outbreaks with crypto are fairly common but largely what?

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Cryptosporidium

What is seen in the following image?

<p>What is seen in the following image?</p>
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Supportive care to restore electrolyte imbalance from diarrhea

What form of therapy is used for Crypto in animals?

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> Ammonia compounds, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide and ozone appear most effective
> Hydrogen peroxide & formaldehyde containing compounds show promise w/ increased contact times
> Oocysts in milk and water killed by commercial pasteurization

What can be used for disinfection against Crypto?

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Infection with Crypto

A 26 yr old white female veterinary student presents with a 24 hour history of severe abdominal cramping and acute onset of watery diarrhea...what is your diagnosis?

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Cryptosporidium

What is an unequivocally zoonotic parasite, immediately infective and associated with waterborne outbreaks?