Period 8 Vocab

U2

The incident where an American spy plan- flown by Gary Powers- was shot down over the USSR.

Taft Hartley Act

The anti- union legislation passed over Trumans vigorous veto that weakened many labors New Deal gains.

Yalta Conference

The meeting of FDR, Churchill, and Stalin to discuss the postwar division of Europe

Bretton Woods Conference

The meeting of Western Allies to establish an international economic order to prevent another crisis

Nuremberg War Crimes Trials

The trials agasnt former Nazi leaders for war crimes and crimes aganst humanity in Germany

UN

The international group formed to create communications between nations in hopes of preventing world wars

NATO

The military allience established to defend Europe from the Soviet Union

Cold War

The rivalry and tension between Western representative governments and communist governments

US & Soviet Union

The two superpowers that dominated the CW rivalrys

Proxy Wars

Wars fought against other powers instead of the direct enemy

Berlin

The capital of Germany that was split between communists and representative gov

Capitalistic/Democratic

The political status of East Germany

Communist

The political status of West Germany

Iron Curtain

The name given to the political divide of Germany

Satellite Nation

A state controlled by another nation

Buffer State

A state that is designed to serve as a buffer agsint further aggression

Truman Doctrine

The US pledge to provide money to countries being threatened by Communist Expansion

Marshall Plan

The US plan to provide support to countries opposing communism

Berlin Airlift

The Allies strategy of airlifiting supplies to the people stuck in West Berlin

Korean War

The first "hot war" of the CW, where the Soviets backed North Korea in the invasion of South Korea

Allied Powers

Democratic governments led by the US

Warsaw Pact

Communist governments led by the Soviet Union

McCarthyism

The anti-Communist ideaologies associated with Joeseph McCarthy and his communist accusations agasint high-ranking officials

Army-McCarthy Hearings

The Congressional hearings called by Joseph McCarthy to accuse members of the Army of having communist ties

Chiang Kai-Shek

The nationalistic, pro Wester Chinese leader

Mao Zedong

The Communist-backed leader that overthrew Kai-Shek

Executive Order 9981

The order issued by President Truman to desegregate the armed forces

Taft-Hartley Act

The anti-union legislation passed over Trumans vigorous veto that weakened many labors New Deal gains

Berlin Wall

The USSR solution to stopping the flow of refugees, by blocking access to West Berlin

Containment

The US policy to keep communism within its current boundaries (limit the spread)

GI Bill

The bill that provided educational and economic assistance to veterans

Fair Deal

Trumans extensive list of proposals for social reform

Sunbelt

The 15 state crecent that experienced terrific population and productivity growth during and after WWII

Levittown

White, middle-class, suburban neighborhoods for growing families in NY and Philadelphia

Redlining

The practice of classifying neighboods based on their percieved risk to lenders (red= highest risk)

Baby Boom

Demographic explosion from births of returning soldiers and others who had put off starting a family until postwar

Dwight D Eisenhower

The general and military hero from WWI, elected as the Republican president in 1952

Joseph Stalin

The leader of the USSR through WWII and early years of the Cold War

Joe McCarthy

The staunch anti-communist behond McCarthyism

Interstate Highway Act

The federal act that boosted transportation by building thousands of miles of highways

Suburbanization

The establishment of contemporay, residential communities on the outskirts of cities

Sputnik

The first artificial satellite launched into space (by the USSR)

Beatniks (Beat movement)

Younger counter-culture of the 50s that opposed to the comformity of the decade

Little Rock 9

The 9 black students escorted to Central HS by the federal troops

Feminine Mystique

The best selling book by Betty Friedan, challenging women to move beyond suburban housewifery

Checkers Speech

The televised address by VP Nixon where he defended himself agsint corruption allegations

Martin Luther King Jr.

The founder of the Souther Christian Leadership Conference to mobilise black churches

Montgomery Bus Boycotts

The protest where black Alabamians refused to move to the back of the bus, to fight segregation (inspired by Rosa Parks)

Brown v. Board of Education

The Supreme Court case where racial segregation was abolished in public schools

SNCC

The youth organization founded by black students to promote civil rights

Freedom Riders

White and black bus riders that refused to sit in their designated areas to protest segregation

New Frontier

President Kennedys promise to Americans that the government would improve the overall function of teh frontier

Bay of Pigs

The group of Cuban exiles supported by the CIA that attempted to overthrow the Cuban government

Cuban Missile Crisis

When the USSR put nuclear missile in Cuba, that set off a US panic

HUAC

The investigatory body established to expose communist influence in American government and society

Peace Corps

The federal agency created by President Kennedy to promote voluntary service by Americans in foreign countries

Trade Expansion Act

The act that cut tariff rates by up to 50% with Common Market countries

Detente

The word for the easing of tension

Flexible Response

Kennedys shift in military response, to a system that matched options to a specific crisis

Hungarian Uprising

A series of rebellious demonstrations in Hungary against the Soviet Union

Vietcong

The name for Communists in South Vietnam backed by the North Vietnamese

Civil Rights Act of 1964

The act that expanded the governments ability to end segregation and discrimination based on race/gender

Great Society

LBJs programs to reform the countrys overall needs

Suez Crisis

The crisis when the Egyptian government seized control of the Suez Canal from the British/french owned comapny that managed it

24th Amendment

The amendment that ended the poll tax

Voting Rights Act

The act that eliminated literacy tests at the polls

Tonkin Gulf "Attack"

The staged attack on US ships by North Vietnam

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

The resolution that gave LBJ a bank check to use additional military force in South East Asia

Tet Offensive

The series of major attacks from North Vietnam that rpoved the war was not going to end

Ho Chi Minh Trail

The series of trails used by South Vietnam to send weapons and supplies

Abstract Expressionism

An experimental syle of modern art

Escalation

The US military stategy in Vietnam of increasing everything in hopes of overwhelming North Viet

SALT I

The name for the limitation of nuclear weapons treaty with the Soviet Union and United States

SALT II

The name for the second treaty between US & USSR to limit missiles and bombs

Silent Spring

A muckracking nivel written by Rachel Carson about the problem of pesticides

Warren Court

The Supreme Cournt under Warren that expanded rights of the people

New Left

The 60s group of activists that supported ending war, political change, and radical justice

Stonewall Riots

The large scale protest about a police raid of a gay bar in NYC

Betty Friedan

The feminist author of Feminine Mystique

Phyllis Schlafly

The anit-feminist who workes to defeat the Equal Rights Amendment

Henry Kissinger

Nixons NSA and later Secretary of State, a key figure in American foreign policy

Vietnamization

The policy of slowly pulling US troops out and replacing them with Southern Vietnamese troops

Kent State

The anti-war protest in which National Guards killed four students

Jackson State

The anti-war protest in which police opened fire killing two students, and injuring twelve

Pentagon Papers

The leaked papers out in the NY times in which it was confirmed that the US government had been dishonest in their reporting of the war

Paris Peace Accords

The cease fire signed between the US and North Vietnam

Stagflation

The name for a stagnant economy with high inflation

Richard Nixon

The 37th President of the US who was tied to the Watergate scandal

Elvis Presley

The iconic singer that helped popularize rock ‘n roll in the 50s

Rosa Parks

A living symbol of the Civil Rights movement, after refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man

Nikita Khrushchev

The communist party official from the USSR that emerged after Stalins death

Gerald Ford

The popular Michigan Congressman who later became VP then President after Nixons resignation

Fidel Castro

The Cuban revolutionary that assumed control over the country in the 50s

John F Kennedy

The 35th President, that was later assassinated in the 60s

Robert F Kennedy

The younger brother of JFK that was also assasinated in the 60s

Lydon B Johnson

The 36th President that stepped in after Kennedys death

Pardon of Nixon

One of Fords first acts as President, in order to turn attention away from Watergate

OPEC

The internatioanl cartel that controlled and limited the exporting of oil from the Middle East

Helsinki Accords

The agreement between 34 nations that attempted to improve relations between communist and non-communist countries

Crisis of Confidence Speech

Carters poorly recieved speech in which he blamed his problems on the American people