Probability and Statistics Lecture Notes

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts from the Probability and Statistics lecture notes, focusing on definitions and explanations essential for understanding the foundational principles of probability.

Probability

The measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

Random Components

Elements in a statistical model that account for randomness, influencing how data is scattered around predictions.

Model

A simplified representation of a system used to describe and predict its behavior.

Bayes' Theorem

A mathematical formula to update the probability for a hypothesis as more evidence or information becomes available.

Conditional Probability

The probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred.

Statistical Reasoning

The process of using statistical methods and principles to analyze data and make inferences.

Long-term Frequency

The proportion of times an event occurs over a long period of trials.

Parameter Estimates

Values that characterize a statistical model, derived from data.

Sex Ratio at Birth

The ratio of male to female births, often expressed as the number of boys born per girl.

Frequentist Stats

An approach to statistics that interprets probabilities as long-run frequencies of events.

Bayesian Stats

An approach to statistics that incorporates prior beliefs or information in the analysis of probabilities.