AC2.1: Explain forms of social control

what does social control mean

why do people obey the law

what are the two forms of social control

internal and external

what is the internal form of social control

regulating our own behaviour in accordance with the accepted norm

what is rational ideology (internal)

conscience or feelings of guilt guiding you to follow rules

what is tradition (internal)

somebody’s upbringing or religion

what is internalisation of social rules and morality (internal)

working out what is right or wrong based on social values

role of the superego (internal)

the superego restrains the Id, allowing us to behave in acceptable ways

what is the external form of social control

people obeying the law to avoid punishment

what is coerscion

the threat of force such as the death penalty or striking

what did Karl Mannheim do

created the distinction between formal and informal social control

what is formal social control

written laws regulating peoples behaviour

what is informal social control

unwritten laws such as disapproval of others

what did Edward Ross do

describes methods used by social groups in history used to keep individuals under control

what examples did Edward Ross find

law, religion, personality

what did Edward Hayes do

distinguished between control by sanctions and control by imitation

what did Luther Bernard do

distinguished between unconscious and conscious means of control

what did Travis Hirschi do

suggested in order to refrain from criminal behaviour, people must form social bonds

what are the four types of social bond

attachment, commitment, involvement, beliefs

what is the attachment social bond

respecting the norms of others and are less likely to break them

what is the commitment social bond

aiming to follow a conventional lifestyle means there is more to lose if engaging in criminal activities

what is the involvement social bond

the more we do law-abiding activities, the less time for committing crimes

what is the beliefs social bond

if we are socialised to believe it is rightto obey the law, we are less likely to break it