Introduction to Research

Flashcards for key vocabulary terms related to the field of research as discussed in the lecture.

Technological Innovation

The advancement of technology, which occurs in three phases: invention, innovation, and diffusion.

Research

A systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic, contributing original knowledge to the existing stock of knowledge.

Invention

The creative act of conceiving an idea.

Innovation

The process by which an invention is translated into successful practice and utilized by the economy.

Diffusion

The widespread initiation of successful innovation.

Descriptive Research

Research aimed at accurately describing characteristics of a particular individual, system, or group.

Quantitative Research

Research based on the measurement of quantity or amount, applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in numerical terms.

Qualitative Research

Research concerned with phenomena that relate to or involve quality, focusing on subjective assessment of attitudes and opinions.

Applied Research

Research aimed at finding a solution for immediate problems facing society or organizations.

Fundamental Research

Research concerned with generalization and formulation of theory.

Hypothesis

A tentative assumption made to draw out and test logical or empirical consequences.

Data Collection

The process of gathering primary or secondary data relevant to a research study.

Sampling Design

The method a researcher uses to select items from a larger population for study.

Empirical Research

Research relying on experience or observation to gain knowledge, often data-based.

Literature Survey

A review of existing research that helps define and narrow down the research problem.

Research Design

The overall strategy to integrate different components of a study in a coherent and logical way.

Research Methodology

The logic behind the methods used in research, explaining selection and applicability.

Control Variable

An experimental element that is held constant to minimize the effects of extraneous variables.

Mathematical Modeling

The process of constructing, testing, and improving mathematical representations of some real-world phenomenon.

Simulation

The application of computational models to study and predict physical events or behaviors of engineered systems.