Bio Carbon Cycle & Climate Change Test (27.08.24)

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49 Terms

1

living organisms need supplies of

C, H, O, N, P

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2

carbon cycle

cycling of carbon through an ecosystem

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3

carbon moves between _______ via _______

pools, fluxes

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4

carbon pool

location or system that stores or releases carbon

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5

carbon flux

processes that exchange carbon between pools

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6

fossil fuels form by

incomplete decomposition and fossilization of producers and consumers

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7

main fluxes in an ecosystem

photosynthesis, feeding and respiration

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8

carbon exists and enters ecosystems as

carbon dioxide

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9

carbon sink

net uptake of CO2

(photosynthesis > respiration)

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10

carbon source

net release of CO2

(respiration > photosynthesis)

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11

keeling curve

graphical representation of atmospheric CO2 concentration since 1959

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12

CO2 concentration increases between…

October and May

(Northern Hemisphere Winter)

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13

CO2 concentration decreases between…

May and October

(Northern Hemisphere Summer)

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14

anthropogenic

human caused

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15

anthropogenic emissions of CO2

combustion of fossil fuels and biomass

more severe forest fires

decomposition of biomass and peat

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16

anthropogenic sources of CH4

anaerobic respiration of organic matter in landfills

leaks during fossil fuel extraction and processing

bubbles from melting permafrost

digestive system of ruminants

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17

cattle and sheep

ruminants

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18

changes in climate

increased wind speed —> cyclones, typhoons

increased overall rain but droughts in some places

changes in prevailing wind speed

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19

ecosystems act as carbon sinks by

accumulating biomass, peat and fossil fuels

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20

positive feedback cycle

amplification of process by end

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21

albedo

amt of sunlight reflected by snow & ice

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22

main mechanism of positive feedback loop of albedo

glaciers reflect sunlight and melt with high temperatures

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23

main mechanism of positive feedback loop of decomposition of organic matter

higher temperature speeds up decomposition of organic matter

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24

main mechanism of positive feedback loop of deep ocean CO2

higher temperatures reduce solubility of CO2 in H2O

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25

main mechanism of positive feedback loop of droughts and fires

droughts and fires are caused by high temperatures and release CO2

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26

main mechanism of positive feedback loop of melting permafrost

melting of permafrost increases amt of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter

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27

boreal forests changed from carbon sink to carbon source because…

..warmer temperatures and decreased snowfall increase drought and more frequent & intense forest fires

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28

landfast ice

ice fastened to shore

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29

effect on emperor penguins

antarctic fast ice melts earlier in breeding season —> harder for penguins to breed

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30

sea ice

moving ice on open ocean

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31

walruses ____ on _____ sea ice

raise young on arctic sea ice

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32

ocean stratification results in

warm water on top layer

colder, more saline water below

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33

upwelling

movement of nutrients into upper levels of ocean

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34

how does increased CO2 contribute to coral bleaching

carbonic acid dissolves calcium carbonate which makes coral reef skeletons

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35

coral bleaching

death of polyps and algae

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36

loss of coral causes

collapse of reef ecosystem

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37

sequestration

capture and storage of CO2 from atmosphere

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38

afforestation

planting native or non-native trees where no forest previously existed

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39

forest regeneration

restocking depleted forests

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40

advantage of wetlands

huge carbon sinks

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41

peat

naturally formed in wetland and useful as fuel and fertiliser.

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42

north american tree species are moving

northward

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43

montane birds in new guinea are moving

upslope to higher altitudes

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44

phenology

research into the timing of biological events

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45

photoperiod

length of daylight in 24hrs

(useful for flowering, egg laying & migration)

mostly unchanged

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46

temp patterns

annual cycle of warming and cooling

(bud burst and leaf drop )

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47

reindeer migration coincides with

growth of arctic moose-ear chickweed (emerges earlier bc of warmer temp)

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48

great tit egg hatching coincides with

peak caterpillar biomass (occurring earlier)

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49

spruce bark beetle life cycles per year are

increasing (dormant during winter —> shorter winter —> more life cycle)

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