2 - The Age of Exploration

cartography

the art and science of mapmaking

conquistador

a leader in the Spanish conquest of America

colony

settlement of people living in a new territory linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control

Columbian Exchange

the exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas

Middle Passage

forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas

encomienda

labor system used by the Spanish in which Spanish landowners living in the Americas had the right to use Native Americans as laborers

Why did Europeans want to explore and expand their territories?

Gold, Glory, and God. (gain riches, find adventure, and spread religion)

Ferdinand Magellan

Spain - sailed/circumnavigated around the world

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portugal - funded excursions to explore around the tip of Africa - established a school for sailing

Marco Polo

Italian who traveled to China and spent time in Kublai Khan’s court - wrote book, brought spices back

Mercantilism

seventeenth-century economic theory that held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver

peninsulares

Spanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in Latin America