Geology Lab Final

Which of the following is not a property of a mineral?

Variable chemical formula

The most common mineral group on the planet

Silicates

Granite is a ____,____ rock.

felsic, intrusive

Felsic rocks have ___ silica than mafic igneous rocks.

higher

The ____ of a mineral is the ratio of its density to that of an equal volume of water.

specific gravity

Which of the rocks below has the highest specific gravity?

Basalt

Which mineral fizzes when HCl is placed on it?

Calcite

What is your lab TA’s name?

Skylin

Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified by

grain size

A conglomerate has gravel size particles that are angular

false

At __ plate boundaries, plates move past each other.

Transform

The parent rock of a metamorphic rock is called a

Protolith

Marble is metamorphasized ___

limestone

Foliated metamorphic rocks display no layering

false

Which type of sandstone has >25% feldspars?

arkose sandstone

What type of plate boundary is most associated with trenches?

convergent

volcanoes are not found at which type of plate boundary?

transform

symmetrical patterns in the age of the crust is most associated with what plate boundary?

divergent

Earthquakes are associated with all types of plate boundaries.

True

___ plate boundaries are moving away from each other.

Divergent

At ___ plate boundaries, plates move towards each other.

Convergent

This principle states that layers of sediment deposited in water must have originally been horizontal

D. None of the above

An unconformity where sedimentary rocks are deposited over sedimentary rocks.

Disconformity

When an unstable isotope changes to a new element.

Radioactive decay

The amount of parent isotope remaining after four half lives

6.25%

The geological feature that runs from San Antonio - Austin - Dallas/Ft. Worth

Balcones fault zone

On a geologic map of Texas, if you drew a line from Abilene to Galveston, what would happen to the ages of the rock as you moved toward the coast?

they would get younger

The ages of rocks in Huntsville are mostly

Miocene and Pliocene

Precambrian rocks can be found in Texas in which of the following regions?

Llano uplift

Looking at the diagram below, what is the oldest rock layer?

P

Looking at the diagram below, which layer came first R or B?

R came first.

Looking at the diagram below, what kind of feature is formed at A?

An unconformity.

75% of the Earth’s surface is covered in which type of rock?

Sedimentary

Chemical sedimentary rocks, like halite indicate cold and wet conditions

False

limestone is a clastic sedimentary rock

false

important organisms for producing carbonate sediment include

Marine algae, corals, sea stars

type of sedimentary structure that might form at the bottom of a deep lake

laminations

Cross beds that are tens of meters in height likely formed in which type of depositional environment

Desert

Which of the following indicates multiple current directions?

Symmetrical ripple marks

When the original mineralogy of the hard part of an organism is replaced by a new mineralogy

Replacement

Form of preservation where empty spaces within an organism become filled with mineral rich ground water, which later precipitates and fills the space

Permineralization

process that was important for preserving the fossils from the glass mountains in Texas

silicfication

fossilization process, which is most likely to preserve soft tissue

Carbonization

Trace fossils made from cyanobacteria

Stromatolites

Age of the glass mountains in Texas

permian

Amber is

Hardened tree resin

Trackways left by an organism are examples of body fossils

False

The correct order of the Linnaean classification system from highest to lowest

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus species

Trilobites belong to which group?

Arthropoda

Trilobites go extinct at the end of which era?

Paleozoic

All brachiopods were sessile (they did not move)

True

Brachiopods have between valve symmetry

False

This group has a five-fold symmetry pattern

Echinoderms

Today’s primary reef building organisms are

Corals

Which of the following is NOT a mollusk?

Brachiopods

The earliest reef building organisms in the rock record were

Archeocyathids

Bivalves that live buried in the sand are called

Infaunal

name for a modified feeding structure in Gastropods that is a ribbon like organ studded with rasping teeth that is used for scraping vegetation or detritus

Radula

The number of days in a year has ___ over geological time.

Decreased

Name for the extinct group of Permian sharks you saw in lab

Xenacanthids

Group to which small reptiles like Cardiocephalus belong

Microsauria

Dimetrodon is a dinosaur

False

Dimetrodon is a diapsid

False

Carlsbad Caverns were formed by __ acid dissolving the Capitan Limestone

sulfuric

The area now known as the Permian basin was mostly a terrestrial environment when the sediments were deposited

False

Seasonal laminations like those found in the Castile formation evaporites are called __

Varves

The sequence below represents a

Transgression

Global temperatures during the Triassic were

Much hotter than today

At the beginning of the Mesozoic, this supercontinent had just formed

Pangea

The formation capping Palo Duro canyon, which is also an important aquifer in the subsurface, especially in places like Kansas

Ogallala formation

Name for the salt formation that underlies much of southeast Texas

Louann

During the ___ a large body of salt was deposited in southeast Texas

Jurassic

Salt traps oil and gas because it is

Impermeable

The western interior seaway which formed during the Cretaceous is an example of what type of basin

Foreland

The taphonomy game you played in lab was developed by researchers at which university?

University of Texas

The highest level of classification in the Linnaean system

Kingdom

Which of these organisms was worth the most points in the taphonomy game?

Vampire squid

Which of these factors made it likely for an organism to survive in the game?

All of the above were helpful

Name for a deposit with exception preservation, often soft tissues

Lagerstätte

Which of the following features of an organism were likely to be recorded

Hard parts

The board game you played is based on an actual fossil deposit

True

Which of the following possible ways to die in the game would be most beneficial to an organism

Thermal stress

Which of the following ways to die in the game would be the least beneficial to an organism

Eaten and digested

In the board game, all of the organisms live in terrestrial environments

False

All organisms living in a community will make it into the Fossil record

False

What is this sample?

Belemnite

What is this sample?

Brachiopod

What is this sample?

Calcite

What is this sample?

Bivalve

What is this sample?

Rugose coral

What is this sample?

Basalt

What is this sample?

Gastropod

What is this sample?

Crinoid

What is this sample?

Granite

What is this sample?

Sandstone

What is this sample?

Limestone

What is this sample?

Conglomerate

What is this sample?

Sclerectinian coral