Islam Exam 1

Treaty of al-Hudaybiya 628 CE

• 10 year peace agreement btw Meccans, Quraysh, and Muslims in Medina

• No Meccans were allowed to convert to Islam

• sparked by and allowed Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca

• Quraysh broke truce with attack on Muslims

Qur’an

• holy book of Islam, word for word from God

• untranslatable & inimitable

Prayer

On the night journey, God requested 50 per day. Moses kept telling him to go back up and ask for less until 5.

Medina (Yathrib)

• 2nd holiest city because 1st islamic mosque

• name change Yathrib = city of the Prophet

• mosque houses tomb of Muhammad

Jahiliyyah

word for barbaric or uncivilized period of pre-Islamic time

The Year of Sadness 619 CE

• wife Khadijah and uncle Abu Talib both died

• when pagan opposition was strongest

“Islam” meaning

act of submission to one God

“Muslim” meaning

one who submits

Ka’ba temple

• originally believed to be built by Abraham and Ismael

• pre-Islamicly housed 360 idols

• reestablished for one God in 630 CE

• direction of prayers

What was the Battle of Bahr?

Muslims verses Meccans in 624 CE

What was the Battle of Uhud?

ajsidofngewpa

Who are the Quraysh?

tribe Muhammad was from that opposed Islam and largely in charge of Mecca authority

What are the three important geographical locations?

1. Mecca (Ka’ba location)

2. Medina (first mosque lead by Muhammad)

3. Jerusalem (bc prophets: Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, Jesus)

Who was Hamza?

uncle of Muhammad

Who was Bilal?

• previous slave converted to Islam

• caller to prayer

Who was Wahshi?

the skilled slave who speared Hamza for Hinds revenge on her father and brother

Who was Sumayyah?

the first martyr in Islam

Who was Khalid?

• a military leader for Meccan

• eventually converted to Islam

Who was Abu Sufyan?

• husband of hind

• leader of the Quraysh in Mecca

• later converted to Islam

The heavenly ascent

• 620 CE

• ascend through the 7 layers of heaven seeing other prohets

• God instructed him the # of daily prayers

• shows closeness and importance as a prophet

Modern western stereotypes

1. extreme wealth, barbarity, sex manics, and terrorism participants

2. in Aladdin, ancient sculptures in churches, US view post 9/11

3. overgeneralized grouping in middle eastern ethnic groups

What is Hijra?

• July of 622 CE

• Migration of Muhammad and followers from Mecca to Medina

• Similar to Exodus

• event marks start of Muslim calendar and start new era in Islam

630 CE

• allies broke truce, leading to Muslim conquest of Mecca

• took control Mecca

• cleansed Ka’ba and rededication

• marked end of conflict

Qiblah

• direction for prayer

• originally Jerusalem, now Mecca since 624 bc Ka’ba

Muhammads first revelation 610 CE

• in cave in the desert

• angel Gabriel descended to him

• “Night of Power”

Muhammads Preaching Begins 613 CE

• 3 years after first revelation in Mecca

• monotheistic message threatened economy of Mecca

• division, violence, and persecution of followed

Who was Abu Bakr?

• first Caliph for two years til death

  • “Chief of Islam”

• good friend and senior of Muhammad

• father of Muhammads last/fav wife, Aisha

Who was Abu Sufyan?

• wealthy Meccan merchant

• leader of Quraysh tribe of Mecca

• husband of Hind

• converted in 630 CE

Who was Khadijah?

• Muhammads first wife

• wealthy business woman in Mecca

• sons died infancy, 4 daughters

  • Fatima mother of his grandchildren

What is Monotheism?

• belief in one God

• recite Shahaba (declaration of faith)

What is polytheism?

• belief or worship in more than one god

• Most pre-islamic Meccans

What are the seven dimensions of Religion?

1. ritual and practice

2. narrative and mythical

3. experimental and emotional

4. social and institutional

5. ethical and legal

6. doctrinal and philosophical

7. material

What is the Shahada?

• declaration of faith

• most scared statement in Islam