history mid-term exam notes (gr8)

What was the primary industry in Newfoundland during the 1830s?

Fishing

Which prominent businessman was the first mayor of Moncton, New Brunswick?

Joseph Salter

What key legislation allowed for free trade between B.N.A. and the U.S.?

Reciprocity Treaty

What were the main economic activities in P.E.I. during the 1830s?

Agriculture

How did the American Civil War affect trade between the U.S. and B.N.A.?

The U.S. ended the Reciprocity Treaty and began taxing goods from B.N.A.

What issue did P.E.I. farmers face regarding land ownership?

They often got removed by landlords due to inability to pay rent.

What did the Act of Union accomplish in 1840?

It joined Upper and Lower Canada into one colony.

Who were the Papineaus in relation to the economy of Quebec?

They were seigneurs who owned large amounts of land, selling and renting to Canadiens.

What impact did the growth of railways have on farmers in Canada West?

It opened new markets and opportunities for transporting goods.

What two ethnic groups notably contributed to the labor force in Canada West during the 1800s?

Irish immigrants and Black migrants escaping slavery.

What event did Harriet Tubman notably participate in?

She helped slaves escape via the Underground Railroad.

What treaty was signed to protect First Nations' rights to hunt and fish?

Peace and friendship treaties signed with the British government.

What was the significance of the Red River Settlement?

It was a culturally diverse area where Métis and European settlers lived.

What was a consequence of gold discovery in British Columbia?

It led to an influx of non-Aboriginal populations, disrupting First Nations territories.

What was one major challenge faced by industries in British Columbia after the Reciprocity Treaty ended?

They struggled due to heavily taxed goods.

Why was the Great Coalition formed in 1864?

To promote a federal system for the Canadas and potentially other regions.

What were the main outcomes discussed at the Charlottetown Conference?

Consideration of a federal union among the colonies.

What did the Manitoba Act establish?

It created Manitoba as a province to address the needs of Métis and settlers.

What was a significant factor for British Columbia joining Confederation?

The promise of a transcontinental railway being built.

What project did the Canadian Pacific Railway Company undertake?

Building the transcontinental railway to link British Columbia to the rest of Canada.

What scandal arose during Macdonald's government regarding the transcontinental railway?

The Pacific Scandal, where campaign donations were linked to a railway contract.

What territories were covered by the Hudson’s Bay Company before the sale of Rupert’s Land?

About one-third of Canada.

What rights were guaranteed in the Numbered Treaties for First Nations?

Hunting and fishing rights, as well as the establishment of reserves.

What was the primary goal of Residential Schools for First Nations children?

To assimilate and educate them while erasing their culture.

What incident highlighted the need for law enforcement in relation to the whiskey trade?

The Cypress Hills Massacre.

How did First Nations and Métis react to the decline of buffalo populations?

They practiced sustainable hunting while facing conflicts over land ownership.