Year 9 End of Year Exams Revision

Vocabulary and key concepts covering the Year 9 exam revision lists for Maths, English, Science, History, Geography, Music, and Computer Science.

Active transport

A process that moves substances against a concentration gradient across a cell membrane.

Diffusion

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules from a high water potential to a low water potential across a partially permeable membrane.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Atomic number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Mass number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Pure substance

A substance consisting of only one type of particle (atom or molecule) not mixed with any other substance.

Compound

A substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions.

Filtration

A method used to separate insoluble solids from liquids.

Crystallization

A process used to produce a pure solid from a solution.

Simple distillation

A technique used to separate a solvent from a solution.

Paper chromatography

A method used to separate different substances in a mixture based on their solubility.

Rf values

A calculation used in chromatography to identify substances based on how far they travel relative to the solvent front.

Law of conservation of energy

The principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred between stores.

Pythagoras’ theorem

The mathematical rule used to find missing side lengths in right-angled triangles: $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$.

Gradient

The measure of the slope or steepness of a straight line on a graph.

Natural increase

The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a population.

Demographic transition model

A model that describes how a population changes over time as a country develops.

Hydrograph

A graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river.

Lag time

The time difference between peak rainfall and peak discharge on a hydrograph.

TEA

Acronym for Trend, Evidence, Anomaly; used to describe the distribution of data on maps or graphs.

Longshore drift

The movement of material along a coastline by wave action.

Hard engineering

The use of man-made structures, such as sea walls, to control natural processes like coastal erosion.

Soft engineering

Coastal management that works with natural processes to reduce erosion, such as beach nourishment.

Appeasement

A political policy of making concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict, specifically seen prior to World War II.

The Holocaust

The state-sponsored persecution and mass murder of millions of Jews and others by the Nazi regime during World War II.

SPaG

An acronym standing for Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar.

Bossa Nova

A style of Brazilian music characterized by its lyrical themes and syncopated rhythm.

Syncopation

A musical feature where rhythmic stresses or accents are placed where they wouldn't normally occur.

Pedal note

A sustained or repeated note, usually in the bass, while the harmony above it changes.

Computational thinking

A problem-solving process that involves breaking down complex problems and designing solutions (Unit 1).