Year 9 End of Year Exams Revision

Identify and describe the function of key organelles in animal, plant, and bacterial cells.
Identify microscope parts and explain their specific functions.
Define the transport mechanisms: diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
Describe the role of enzymes and explain how they are affected by temperature.
Describe how specialized cells are adapted for their specific functions.

Describe solids, liquids, and gases using the particle model (arrangement, movement, and energy).
Compare properties of the three states of matter and explain changes of state.
Interpret heating and cooling curves.
Define pure substances and mixtures; explain differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures.
Describe separation techniques: - Filtration (separates insoluble solids from liquids). - Crystallization (produces pure solids from solutions). - Simple distillation (separates solvents from solutions). - Paper chromatography (separates substances).
Calculate $Rf$ values.
Atomic Structure: Identify protons, neutrons, and electrons, including their relative charges and masses.
Define atomic number and mass number; write electron configurations.
Define isotopes and calculate relative atomic mass from isotope data.

Name main energy stores and describe how energy is transferred between them.
Identify useful and wasted energy and explain why transfers are not always efficient.
Understand the law of conservation of energy.
Calculate kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy using correct units.
Calculate energy efficiency.