parts of a cell - flashcards

Sam flashcard

Organelles

Tiny cell structures that carry out special functions within the cell.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells, providing structure and protection.

Cell Membrane

A semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) that regulates cell activities.

Nuclear Membrane

Surrounds the nucleus and protects it; materials pass through its pores.

Chromatin

Strands that contain genetic material; instructions that direct cell functions (RNA & DNA).

Nucleolus

Inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance that fills the cell, holding organelles in place and facilitating movement of materials.

Mitochondria

Known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy through cellular respiration (converting glucose and oxygen into ATP).

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another, acting as a transport system.

Ribosomes

Small grain-like structures that produce proteins by joining amino acids together, found attached to the ER and floating in the cytoplasm.

Golgi Body

Receives proteins, and packages and sends them to other parts of the cell.

Chloroplasts

Captures sunlight energy to produce food through photosynthesis, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Vacuoles

Large round water-filled sacs that serve as storage areas for food, materials, wastes, and water.

Lysosomes

Small round structures that break down food and old cell parts into usable substances.