Anatomy Ch 2

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Three forms of matter

Solid, Liquid, Gas.

Atom

The smallest particle that displays chemical properties of an element.

Periodic Table

An organized chart of the 92 naturally occurring elements.

Molecular Formula

Indicates the number and types of atoms in a compound.

Structural Formula

Shows the number, kind, and arrangement of atoms within a molecule.

Isomers

Compounds with the same formula but different arrangements of atoms.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed when atoms share electrons.

Hydrophilic

Substances that are water-loving and dissolve in water.

Hydrophobic

Substances that are water-fearing and do not dissolve in water.

Electrolytes

Substances that dissolve and dissociate in water, conducting electricity.

Buffers

Substances that help maintain pH levels by accepting or donating H+ ions.

Triglycerides

Molecules formed from glycerol and three fatty acids, used for long-term energy storage.

Saturated Fats

Fats lacking double bonds; typically solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated Fats

Fats with one or more double bonds; usually liquid at room temperature.

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars that are the monomers of carbohydrates.

Disaccharides

Carbohydrates formed by the combination of two monosaccharides.

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates formed from many monosaccharides.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded nucleic acid that stores genetic information.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid, a single-stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells.

Hydrophobic Exclusion

The tendency of nonpolar substances to be excluded from polar solvents, like water.

pH Scale

A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

Acids

Substances that accept H+ ions in solution, increasing acidity.

Bases

Substances that accept H+ ions when dissolved in water, reducing acidity.