ap comp ch.1 quiz/test

Quantitative / Empirical

Quantitative / Empirical

Factual and objective things you can measure (people/money)

Ex. Data from observation, stats from gov. reports, polls, charts, etc.

Qualitative / Normative

Fluid things that are opinion or emotional based - can’t be measured exactly (value/opinion statements)

Ex. Speeches, foundational documents, maps, etc.

States

Political organizations that combine permanent population with governing institutions to exercise control over a defined territory with international recognition

Regime

Fundamental rules that control access/exercise of political power

Regimes usually endure from gov to gov (can be democratic or authoritarian)

Government

Set of institutions or individuals legally empowered to make binding decisions for a state

Nation

Group of people with commonalities, including race, language, religion, ethnicity, commonalities, political identity and aspiration

Sovereignty

The right and power to govern itself without outside interference

Ultimate authority over a territory, usually exercised by the gov. of a state

Rule of Law (Democracy)

Law is applied universally (everyone regardless)

Rule by Law (Authoritarian)

Law is arbitrarily applied (changing accordingly the power seems fit)

Transparency

Of government decision making for citizens to see how policies are made and implemented

Democratization

Transition from an authoritarian regime to a democratic regime

AKA political liberalization

Democratic Consolidation

Process by which a democratic regime matures in terms of election rules, separation of powers, protection of civil liberties

Illiberal Democracy / Hybrid Regime

Hold elections with minimal competition for ruling party, and civil freedoms are eroded

Like Russia

One Party States

Opposing political parties are barred from exercising control over the government

Like China

Theocracies

Require the state to be run by religious authorities

Like Iran

Federal States

Divide power among different levels of government to give some local control in social and educational services, while still reserving powers for the national gov.

Unitary States

Concentrate power at national with more uniform policies and potentially more efficient policy making

Supranational Organizations

Nations that band together to reach a greater goal - and in turn lose sovereignty in the process

Legitimacy

Popular acceptance of authority

General belief that government has the right to rule and exercise authority

Political Efficacy

I have a power and a voice

A citizens belief that their actions can impact the government

Devolution

Delegation of power from national government to regional governments

HDI

Human Development Index

Measures health, education, standard of living

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

The value of final goods and services

Gini Index

Measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution

Freedom House

Based on free and fair elections, pluralism

CPI

Corruptions Perceptions Index

Measures the level of corruption in a country

Fragile State’s Index

Includes: (12 factors total)

• Social indicators

• Economic indicators

• Political indicators

• Cohesion indicators