Quiz: Muscle Type & Vocab

acetylcholinesterase (AChase)

acetylcholinesterase (AChase)

an enzyme used to decompose a neurotransmitter**

acetylcholine (ACh)

a neurotransmitter substance stored in synaptic vesicles; binds to a specific receptor protein on the sarcolemma; made from acetic acid and choline**

presynaptic terminal

another term for bouton**

sarcolemma

the technical name for the cell membrane of a muscle cell (fiber)

synaptic cleft

the space found between 2 neurons or a neuron & a muscle fiber

synaptic vesicle

a sac-like organelle that stores neurotransmitter substances like ACh

acetic acid

used to make acetylcholine; is also a waste product & will be removed by the bloodstream; it will enter the liver where it will be molecularly broken down into units which can be excreted by the kidneys

aerobic respiration

cellular respiration that requires oxygen to produce energy

ATP

adenosine triphosphate (adenine, ribose sugar & phosphate groups); contains energy stored in its phosphate bonds

calcium

An important ion in the regulation of nerve impulses; found in high concentration outside the sarcolemma of the cell and low concentration inside the cell

cellular respiration

the process of breaking down glucose and converting it to a source of energy (ATP) that can be used by the cell

choline

used to make acetylcholine; is conserved, recycled and stored in the neuron

creatine phosphate

an organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid; when broken down, it releases energy for muscle contraction

depolarization

The inside of the cell becomes positively charged for a brief period of time

fermentation

the process of breaking down glucose when oxygen is not available to produce energy; produces less ATP than aerobic respiration

glucose

a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that serves as an important intermediate energy source

glycogen

a polysaccharide composed of many glucose molecules; a source of energy stored in the liver and muscles

lactic acid

an organic acid that is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration

(mighty) mitochondria

organelle in the cell where cellular respiration takes place to produce energy for the cell

oxygen debt

the amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue during recovery from vigorous exercise (requirement of oxygen beyond the normal resting state

repolarization

The cell's internal environment changes from an overall positive charge to an overall negative charge and therefore returns to its resting state

resting state

The cell is negatively charged inside compared to its surrounding environment

What are the 7 functions of muscle

1. Body Movement

2. Maintain Posture

3. Respiration

4. Produce body heat

5. Communication

6. Construction of organs and vessels

7. Heart Beat

not that important to remember

What are the 4 properties of muscles

Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility and Elasticity

Remember using CEEE

What is contractility?

ability to shorten when an adequate stimulus is received

What is excitability?

ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

what is extensibility?

ability to lengthen when an adequate stimulus is received

what is elasticity?

ability to return to standard shape

What are the 3 muscle types?

Skeletal Muscles, Cardiac muscles and Smooth muscles

Skeletal Muscles location, function, nuclei type and appearance

1. Attached to bone

2. Body movement

3. Voluntary Control

4. Striated

5. Multinucleate

Cardiac Muscle’s location, function, nuclei type, and appearance

1. Found in Heart

2. Involuntary Contraction

3. Single Nuclei

4. Intercalated disks

5. Circulate blood

Smooth Muscle’s location, function, nuclei type, and appearance

1. Found in blood vessels, glands, etc

2. Spindle Shaped

3. Single Nuclei

4. Involuntary contraction

5. No striations

Muscles can only ___(push/pull) and donot ___(push/pull)

pull; push. Just remember Muscles cannot push thats it

What are the 5 muscle components?

Muscle, Fascicle, Muscle Fiber, Myofibril and Myofilament

Remember: (m, f, mf, m, mm)

what is a Muscle?

Groups of fascicle bundles

what is a Fascicle?

Groups of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue

what is a Muscle Fiber?

Single Muscle cell comprised of myofibrils

what is a Myofibril?

Contractile unit within muscle cell

what is Myofilament?

Shortest unit of muscle cell containing actin and myosin

____ muscle causes digestion of your food

smooth muscle

___ causes muscles to shorten

contractility

___ feature allows cardiac muscle cells to work in sync with one another

intercalated discs

___ muscle type has the longest cells and many nuclei?

Skeletal muscle

write the correct order from largest to smallest

muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament

(m, f , mf , m , m)

___ is another name for single muscle cell

Sacomore