Oscillations

What is oscillating motion?

The repetitive motion of an object about its equilibrium position

How does oscillating motion start?

A force is applied to an object, displacing it from its equilibrium position. When the force is removed, the object then begins to oscillate.

What is simple harmonic motion?

A type of oscillating motion in which:

• Acceleration is directly proportional to displacement

• Acceleration and displacement are in opposite directions so that the acceleration is always towards the equilibrium position

What is the equation for the acceleration of an oscillating object?

a = –ω²x

What is the equilibrium position in the context of SHM? What is its unit?

The resting position of the object. Unit: m (metres)

Define displacement in the context of SHM. Include its symbol and unit.

The distance from the equilibrium position in a particular direction. Symbol: x, unit: m (metres)

Define amplitude in the context of SHM. Include its symbol and unit.

The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position. Symbol: A, unit: m (metres)

Define time period in the context of SHM. Include its symbol and unit.

The time taken to complete a full oscillation. Symbol: T, unit: s (seconds)

Define frequency in the context of SHM. Include its symbol and unit.

The number of oscillations per unit time. Symbol: f, unit: Hz (Hertz)

What is the equation for angular frequency?

ω = 2πf = 2π/T

Define angular frequency. What is its symbol and unit?

The product of frequency and 2pi. Symbol: ω, unit: rad s^-1 (radians per second)

What is phase difference (in the context of oscillations)?

How out of step two oscillating objects are, or how out of step one oscillating object is compared to itself at a different time

What is the equation for the velocity of an oscillating object?

v = ±ω√(A² – x²)

What is the equation for the maximum velocity of an oscillating object?

v_max = ωA

What is an isochronous oscillator?

An oscillator that has the same time period regardless of amplitude, such as an object moving in SHM.