Oscillations

What is oscillating motion?

The repetitive motion of an object about its equilibrium position

How does oscillating motion start?

• The object starts at equilibrium position.

• A force is applied to the object, causing displacement

• The object then begins to oscillate

What is simple harmonic motion?

A type of oscillating motion in which:

• Acceleration is directly proportional to displacement

• Acceleration and displacement are in opposite directions so that the acceleration is always towards the equilibrium position

What is the equation for the acceleration of an oscillating object?

a = –ω²x

What is the equilibrium position in the context of SHM? What is its unit?

The resting position of the object. Unit: m (metres)

Define displacement in the context of SHM. Include its symbol and unit.

The distance from the equilibrium position in a particular direction. Symbol: x, unit: m (metres)

Define amplitude in the context of SHM. Include its symbol and unit.

The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position. Symbol: A, unit: m (metres)

Define time period in the context of SHM. Include its symbol and unit.

The time taken to complete a full oscillation. Symbol: T, unit: s (seconds)

Define frequency in the context of SHM. Include its symbol and unit.

The number of complete oscillations per unit time. Symbol: f, unit: Hz (Hertz)

What is the equation for angular frequency?

ω = 2πf = 2π/T

Define angular frequency. What is its symbol and unit?

The product of frequency and 2pi. Symbol: ω, unit: rad s^-1 (radians per second)

What is phase difference?

How out of step two oscillating objects are, or how out of step one oscillating object is compared to itself at a different time

What is the equation for the velocity of an oscillating object?

v = ±ω√(A² – x²)

What is the equation for the maximum velocity of an oscillating object?

v_max = ωA

What is an isochronous oscillator?

An oscillator that has the same time period regardless of amplitude, such as an object moving in SHM.