Exercise 12.1 Procedure 1 Parts of a Neuron

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23 Terms

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neuron

knowt flashcard image
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cell body of neuron

contains nucleus and organelles

<p>contains nucleus and organelles</p>
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Nissl bodies

Rough endoplasmic reticulum in neuron

<p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum in neuron</p>
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Neurofibrils

bundles of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites and axon

<p>bundles of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites and axon</p>
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axon

the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands

<p>the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands</p>
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axon hillock

Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the cell body.

<p>Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the cell body.</p>
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initial segment of axon

Area of the axon having the lowest threshold for stimulation, so the action potentials begin at this point

<p>Area of the axon having the lowest threshold for stimulation, so the action potentials begin at this point</p>
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axolemma

plasma membrane of axon

<p>plasma membrane of axon</p>
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telodendria

fine extensions of distal axon

<p>fine extensions of distal axon</p>
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dendrites

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.

<p>Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.</p>
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multipolar neuron

A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites; the most common type of neuron in the nervous system.

<p>A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites; the most common type of neuron in the nervous system.</p>
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bipolar neuron

a neuron with one axon and one dendrite attached to its soma

<p>a neuron with one axon and one dendrite attached to its soma</p>
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pseudounipolar neurons

have only one fused axon that extends from cell body and divides into two processes: one process carries sensory information from sensory receptors to cell body; other process carries sensory information from cell body to spinal cord; sensory neurons that carry information related to pain, touch, and pressure

<p>have only one fused axon that extends from cell body and divides into two processes: one process carries sensory information from sensory receptors to cell body; other process carries sensory information from cell body to spinal cord; sensory neurons that carry information related to pain, touch, and pressure</p>
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astrocytes

Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons.

<p>Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons.</p>
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oligodendrocytes

Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a myelin sheath.

<p>Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a myelin sheath.</p>
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microglial cells

extremely small glial cells that remove cellular debris from injured or dead cells

<p>extremely small glial cells that remove cellular debris from injured or dead cells</p>
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ependymal cells

line cavities of the brain and spinal cord, circulate cerebrospinal fluid

<p>line cavities of the brain and spinal cord, circulate cerebrospinal fluid</p>
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Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)

myelinate axons in the PNS

<p>myelinate axons in the PNS</p>
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satellite cells

surround neuron cell bodies in PNS

<p>surround neuron cell bodies in PNS</p>
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myelin sheath

A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.

<p>A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.</p>
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neurilemma

additional external myelin sheath that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system

<p>additional external myelin sheath that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system</p>
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myelin sheath gaps (nodes of Ranvier)

gaps between adjacent Schwann cells.

sites where axon collaterals can emerge.

<p>gaps between adjacent Schwann cells.</p><p>sites where axon collaterals can emerge.</p>
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Internode of neuron

Area of axon wrapped in Myelin

<p>Area of axon wrapped in Myelin</p>