AP Chemistry Unit 1 Atomic Structure and Properties. [Part 1, Naming Compounds]

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Matter

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39 Terms

1

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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2

Atoms

The basic building blocks of matter

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3

Periods

Rows on the periodic table are called _____ (1-7)

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4

Groups / Families

Columns on the periodic table are called _____ (1-18)

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5

Valence Electrons

Elements in the same group on the periodic table have the same number of ________

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6

Cations

Positive ions (losing electrons)

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7

Anions

Negative ions (gaining electrons

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8

Ion

A charged atom that has lost or gained electrons

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9

Metalloids / Semi-metals

These on the periodic table have a combination of metal / non-metal properties

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10

Ionic Compound

This is a A metal + nonmetal compound (binary)

  • Metals lose electrons

  • Nonmetals gain electrons

  • Electron Transfer from a metal to a nonmetal

The metal now has more protons than electrons ⇒ cation (+)

The non-metal now has more electrons than protons ⇒ anion (-)

  • Opposites attract and an ionic bond is created

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11

Ionic Bond

An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

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12

Formula Unit

Simplest representative particle of an ionic compound

ALWAYS has to be neutral

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Lattice

Ionic bonds form a ______ structure

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14

Monoatomic

These are ions with only 1 atom

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15

Alkali Metals

This family is in row 1 of the periodic table

Usually lose an electron

  • The most reactive metals

  • Cs is the most reactive

  • Soft, can be cut with a butter knife

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Alkali Earth Metals

This family is in row 2 of the periodic table

Usually lose 2 electrons

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17

Transition Metals

This family is in rows 3-12 of the periodic table and experience no trend

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18

Halogens

This family is in row 17 of the periodic table

  • Most reactive nonmetals

    • Are all diatomic naturally

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19

Noble Gases

This family is row 18 on the periodic table. These elements do not react

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20

Multivalent Ions

Transition metals that have more than 1 possible charge

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Polyatomic Ions

 Covalent compounds with 2 or more nonmetals with a charge

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22

Hydrates

Solid compounds that release water when heated

  • Water molecules are loosely bonded at regular intervals

  • CuSO4 * 5H2O ⇒ Ionic name, dot, number of waters

    • Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate

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23

Acid

A compound containing hydrogen and a nonmetal or a polyatomic ion in the aqueous state

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24

Binary Acid

This type of acid only has 2 elements: hydrogen and another one (hydro_____ic acid)

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Ternary Acid

This type of acid has hydrogen and a polyatomic ion (“_____(ic/ous) acid”)

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Covalent

This type of compound contains 2 or more non mentals bonded together in a specific way

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Organic Compounds

These compounds are Made primarily from carbon bonded to nonmetals

  • Hydrocarbons: The simplest type of organic molecules. Contain only H and C

  • Saturated: All single bonds

  • Unsaturated: double or triple bonds, or ring form

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Hydrocarbons

The simplest type of organic molecules, containing only H and C

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Saturated

This type of organic compound has all single bonds

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Unsaturated

This type of organic compound has double or triple bonds, or is in a ring form

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Alkanes

Hydrocarbons using all single bonds (-ane)

  • General Formula: CnH2n+2

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Alkenes

These are hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond ('-ene)

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Alkynes

These are hydrocarbons containing at least one triple bond (-yne)

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Alcohol

A type of substituted hydrocarbon

  • OH is added (remove “-e” and add “-ol”

    • Methanol, propanol

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Carboxylic Acid

A type of substituted hydrocarbon

  • Remove H, add COOH (remove “-e”, add “-oic acid”)

    • Methanoic Acid

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36

Meth

Prefix for organic compounds: 1

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Eth

Prefix for organic compounds: 2

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Prop

Prefix for organic compounds: 3

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39

But

Prefix for organic compounds: 4

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