Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atoms
The basic building blocks of matter
Periods
Rows on the periodic table are called _____ (1-7)
Groups / Families
Columns on the periodic table are called _____ (1-18)
Valence Electrons
Elements in the same group on the periodic table have the same number of ________
Cations
Positive ions (losing electrons)
Anions
Negative ions (gaining electrons
Ion
A charged atom that has lost or gained electrons
Metalloids / Semi-metals
These on the periodic table have a combination of metal / non-metal properties
Ionic Compound
This is a A metal + nonmetal compound (binary)
Metals lose electrons
Nonmetals gain electrons
Electron Transfer from a metal to a nonmetal
The metal now has more protons than electrons ⇒ cation (+)
The non-metal now has more electrons than protons ⇒ anion (-)
Opposites attract and an ionic bond is created
Ionic Bond
An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Formula Unit
Simplest representative particle of an ionic compound
ALWAYS has to be neutral
Lattice
Ionic bonds form a ______ structure
Monoatomic
These are ions with only 1 atom
Alkali Metals
This family is in row 1 of the periodic table
Usually lose an electron
The most reactive metals
Cs is the most reactive
Soft, can be cut with a butter knife
Alkali Earth Metals
This family is in row 2 of the periodic table
Usually lose 2 electrons
Transition Metals
This family is in rows 3-12 of the periodic table and experience no trend
Halogens
This family is in row 17 of the periodic table
Most reactive nonmetals
Are all diatomic naturally
Noble Gases
This family is row 18 on the periodic table. These elements do not react
Multivalent Ions
Transition metals that have more than 1 possible charge
Polyatomic Ions
 Covalent compounds with 2 or more nonmetals with a charge
Hydrates
Solid compounds that release water when heated
Water molecules are loosely bonded at regular intervals
CuSO4 * 5H2O ⇒ Ionic name, dot, number of waters
Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
Acid
A compound containing hydrogen and a nonmetal or a polyatomic ion in the aqueous state
Binary Acid
This type of acid only has 2 elements: hydrogen and another one (hydro_____ic acid)
Ternary Acid
This type of acid has hydrogen and a polyatomic ion (“_____(ic/ous) acid”)
Covalent
This type of compound contains 2 or more non mentals bonded together in a specific way
Organic Compounds
These compounds are Made primarily from carbon bonded to nonmetals
Hydrocarbons: The simplest type of organic molecules. Contain only H and C
Saturated: All single bonds
Unsaturated: double or triple bonds, or ring form
Hydrocarbons
The simplest type of organic molecules, containing only H and C
Saturated
This type of organic compound has all single bonds
Unsaturated
This type of organic compound has double or triple bonds, or is in a ring form
Alkanes
Hydrocarbons using all single bonds (-ane)
General Formula: CnH2n+2
Alkenes
These are hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond ('-ene)
Alkynes
These are hydrocarbons containing at least one triple bond (-yne)
Alcohol
A type of substituted hydrocarbon
OH is added (remove “-e” and add “-ol”
Methanol, propanol
Carboxylic Acid
A type of substituted hydrocarbon
Remove H, add COOH (remove “-e”, add “-oic acid”)
Methanoic Acid
Meth
Prefix for organic compounds: 1
Eth
Prefix for organic compounds: 2
Prop
Prefix for organic compounds: 3
But
Prefix for organic compounds: 4